The Potential of Non-Ionic Surfactants for Extraction of Lactic Acid from Aqueous Solution

Abstract

Lactic acid, an important commodity chemical for various applications, is mainly produced through fermentation. In this study, the potential of non-ionic surfactants (an alcohol ethoxylate (AE) and two alcohol alkoxylates (AAs)) as solvents for the extraction of lactic acid from aqueous solutions is reported for the first time. Ternary mixtures containing lactic acid, water, and surfactants were prepared for the assessment. The results indicated that for all the systems, the water–surfactant binary pair exhibits partial immiscibility. Furthermore, the results suggested that with respect to the size of the two-phase region and stability of phases developed, the AE is the suitable solvent for the targeted extraction process. Thus, tie-lines for the system lactic acid + water + AE were then determined to establish the phase diagram of the system at 308.15 K. From the tie-lines, distribution coefficients and separation factors were estimated, which indicated that a compromise between the size and number of extraction units is necessary if AE is to be used as a solvent for lactic acid extraction. The extraction efficiency was estimated to be only about 37–48%. Nevertheless, the biodegradability and non-toxicity of AE makes it a viable solvent for the development of the extractive lactic acid fermentation process.

Keywords

• alcohol ethoxylate
• alcohol propoxylate
• phase equilibria
• extractive fermentation
• pseudo-ternary system