Optimizing the Treatment for Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer with Mutated Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Low-Income Countries: A Review

Abstract

Introduction: Osimertinib is the treatment of choice for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Because of its high price, many low-income countries, such as Syria, cannot provide osimertinib, which makes it difficult to choose the appropriate treatment for these patients. This study aimed to review articles that assessed tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for advanced NSCLC and developed an appropriate treatment plan for Syrian patients. Methods: An electronic literature search was conducted of published phase II and III studies that assessed the efficacy of EGFR-TKIs for advanced NSCLC between January 2003 and May 2022. Results: Seventeen articles were reviewed. The results were similar when erlotinib or icotinib was compared with gefitinib. Progression-free survival and overall survival for afatinib and dacomitinib were longer than for gefitinib, with small significant differences. Osimertinib was the only TKI that showed efficacy against the T790M mutation, which showed an improvement over the first- and second-generation TKIs. Osimertinib as a first-line therapy is not cost-effective compared with first- and second-generation TKIs. Conclusion: Osimertinib is the preferred first-line treatment in patients with advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC. First- and second-generation TKIs are still considered good options, especially in low-income countries that cannot cover the costs of osimertinib.

Keywords

• non–small-cell lung cancer
• epidermal growth factor receptor
• tyrosine kinase inhibitors
• cost-effectiveness
• low-income countries
• syria