Exploring Nanocarriers as Treatment Modalities for Skin Cancer
Mohammad Adnan,
Md. Habban Akhter,
Obaid Afzal,
Abdulmalik S. A. Altamimi,
Irfan Ahmad,
Manal A. Alossaimi,
Mariusz Jaremko,
Abdul-Hamid Emwas,
Tanweer Haider,
Md. Faheem Haider
Affiliations
Mohammad Adnan
Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India
Md. Habban Akhter
School of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics (SoPPHI), DIT University, Dehradun 248009, Uttarakhand, India
Obaid Afzal
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
Abdulmalik S. A. Altamimi
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
Irfan Ahmad
Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 62521, Saudi Arabia
Manal A. Alossaimi
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
Mariusz Jaremko
Smart-Health Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
Abdul-Hamid Emwas
Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
Tanweer Haider
Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Gwalior 474005, Madhya Pradesh, India
Md. Faheem Haider
Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India
Cancer is a progressive disease of multi-factorial origin that has risen worldwide, probably due to changes in lifestyle, food intake, and environmental changes as some of the reasons. Skin cancer can be classified into melanomas from melanocytes and nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) from the epidermally-derived cell. Together it constitutes about 95% of skin cancer. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) are creditworthy of 99% of NMSC due to the limited accessibility of conventional formulations in skin cancer cells of having multiple obstacles in treatment reply to this therapeutic regime. Despite this, it often encounters erratic bioavailability and absorption to the target. Nanoparticles developed through nanotechnology platforms could be the better topical skin cancer therapy option. To improve the topical delivery, the nano-sized delivery system is appropriate as it fuses with the cutaneous layer and fluidized membrane; thus, the deeper penetration of therapeutics could be possible to reach the target spot. This review briefly outlooks the various nanoparticle preparations, i.e., liposomes, niosomes, ethosomes, transferosomes, transethosomes, nanoemulsions, and nanoparticles technologies tested into skin cancer and impede their progress tend to concentrate in the skin layers. Nanocarriers have proved that they can considerably boost medication bioavailability, lowering the frequency of dosage and reducing the toxicity associated with high doses of the medication.
