Evaluation of the energy performance of refrigeration systems using nanofluids: a systematic and critical review

Abstract

In recent years, nanotechnology has emerged in the development of nanofluids. Research aimed at applying the nanorefrigerants and nanolubricants in vapor compression refrigeration systems is arousing much interest in the scientific community. This is thanks to the effect of the nanoparticles (NPs) in the thermodynamic properties of the base fluid, providing an improvement in the thermal exchanges of the system. In this context, the present work aims to carry out a systematic literature review, addressing the energetic influence of the applications of nanofluids in vapor compression refrigeration systems, highlighting parameters that can directly affect the performance of the system, such as compressor energy consumption, cooling capacity, and the coefficient of performance of the system (COP). In order to cover the most relevant works on this subject, the ordination method was used as a methodology for the selection and classification of the bibliographic database. It is possible to affirm that the use of NPs in refrigeration systems reduces the system's energy consumption, providing an increase in its energy performance. Furthermore, it was possible to verify that the use of nanofluids increases the cooling capacity in refrigeration systems by vapor compression, making them potential candidates for replacing conventional lubricants and refrigerants.

Keywords

• energy efficiency
• energy performance
• nanolubricants
• nanorefrigerants
• refrigeration system