Adaptation in Gait to Body-Weight Unloading

Abstract

Modifications in load-related sensory input during unloaded walking can lead to recalibration of the body schema and result in aftereffects. The main objective of this study was to identify the adaptive changes in gait and body-weight perception produced by unloaded walking. Gait performance during treadmill walking was assessed in 12 young participants before and after 30 min of unloaded walking (38% body weight) by measuring lower limb kinematics, temporal gait measures, and electromyography (EMG). A customized weight-perception scale was used to assess perception of body weight. Participants perceived their body weight to be significantly heavier than normal after unloading while walking. Angular displacement about ankle and knee was significantly reduced immediately after unloaded walking, while temporal gait parameters remained unchanged. The EMG activity in some muscles was significantly reduced after unloading. These findings indicate that walking at reduced body weight results in alterations in segmental kinematics, neuromuscular activity, and perception of body weight, which are the aftereffects of motor adaptation to altered load-related afferent information produced by unloading. Understanding the adaptive responses of gait to unloading and the time course of the aftereffects will be useful for practitioners who use body-weight unloading for rehabilitation.

Keywords

• motor adaptation
• body-weight unloading
• gait adaptation
• treadmill walking
• spaceflight
• lower-body positive pressure