Randomized controlled trials in emergency settings: Taking a HEADSTART on acute type A aortic dissection trials

• Dominique Vervoort, MD, MPH, MBA,
• Munir Boodhwani, MD, MMSc,
• Michael W.A. Chu, MD,
• Jennifer C.Y. Chung, MD, MSc,
• Jehangir J. Appoo, MD,
• Maral Ouzounian, MD, PhD

Affiliations

Dominique Vervoort, MD, MPH, MBA

Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Munir Boodhwani, MD, MMSc

University of Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Michael W.A. Chu, MD

Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada

Jennifer C.Y. Chung, MD, MSc

Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Jehangir J. Appoo, MD

Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

Maral Ouzounian, MD, PhD

Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Correspondence: Maral Ouzounian, MD, PhD, FRCSC, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth St, 4N-464, Toronto, ON M5G2C4, Canada