Cell Reports (Aug 2021)
Long-term SARS-CoV-2-specific immune and inflammatory responses in individuals recovering from COVID-19 with and without post-acute symptoms
- Michael J. Peluso,
- Amelia N. Deitchman,
- Leonel Torres,
- Nikita S. Iyer,
- Sadie E. Munter,
- Christopher C. Nixon,
- Joanna Donatelli,
- Cassandra Thanh,
- Saki Takahashi,
- Jill Hakim,
- Keirstinne Turcios,
- Owen Janson,
- Rebecca Hoh,
- Viva Tai,
- Yanel Hernandez,
- Emily A. Fehrman,
- Matthew A. Spinelli,
- Monica Gandhi,
- Lan Trinh,
- Terri Wrin,
- Christos J. Petropoulos,
- Francesca T. Aweeka,
- Isabel Rodriguez-Barraquer,
- J. Daniel Kelly,
- Jeffrey N. Martin,
- Steven G. Deeks,
- Bryan Greenhouse,
- Rachel L. Rutishauser,
- Timothy J. Henrich
Affiliations
- Michael J. Peluso
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Amelia N. Deitchman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Leonel Torres
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Nikita S. Iyer
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Sadie E. Munter
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Christopher C. Nixon
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Joanna Donatelli
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Cassandra Thanh
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Saki Takahashi
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Jill Hakim
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Keirstinne Turcios
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Owen Janson
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Rebecca Hoh
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Viva Tai
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Yanel Hernandez
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Emily A. Fehrman
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Matthew A. Spinelli
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Monica Gandhi
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Lan Trinh
- Monogram Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
- Terri Wrin
- Monogram Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
- Christos J. Petropoulos
- Monogram Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
- Francesca T. Aweeka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Isabel Rodriguez-Barraquer
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- J. Daniel Kelly
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Jeffrey N. Martin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Steven G. Deeks
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Bryan Greenhouse
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Rachel L. Rutishauser
- Monogram Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
- Timothy J. Henrich
- Monogram Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA; Corresponding author
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 36,
no. 6
p. 109518
Abstract
Summary: We describe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific T cell responses, soluble markers of inflammation, and antibody levels and neutralization capacity longitudinally in 70 individuals with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Participants represent a spectrum of illness and recovery, including some with persistent viral shedding in saliva and many experiencing post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). T cell responses remain stable for up to 9 months. Whereas the magnitude of early CD4+ T cell immune responses correlates with severity of initial infection, pre-existing lung disease is independently associated with higher long-term SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cell responses. Among participants with PASC 4 months following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptom onset, we observe a lower frequency of CD8+ T cells expressing CD107a, a marker of degranulation, in response to Nucleocapsid (N) peptide pool stimulation, and a more rapid decline in the frequency of N-specific interferon-γ-producing CD8+ T cells. Neutralizing antibody levels strongly correlate with SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cell responses.
