Chemical Profiling of Polar Lipids and the Polyphenolic Fraction of Commercial Italian <i>Phaseolus</i> Seeds by UHPLC-HRMS and Biological Evaluation
Vadym Samukha,
Francesca Fantasma,
Gilda D’Urso,
Ester Colarusso,
Anna Schettino,
Noemi Marigliano,
Maria Giovanna Chini,
Gabriella Saviano,
Vincenzo De Felice,
Gianluigi Lauro,
Francesco Maione,
Giuseppe Bifulco,
Agostino Casapullo,
Maria Iorizzi
Affiliations
Vadym Samukha
Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Isernia, Italy
Francesca Fantasma
Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Isernia, Italy
Gilda D’Urso
Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
Ester Colarusso
Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
Anna Schettino
ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
Noemi Marigliano
ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
Maria Giovanna Chini
Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Isernia, Italy
Gabriella Saviano
Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Isernia, Italy
Vincenzo De Felice
Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Isernia, Italy
Gianluigi Lauro
Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
Francesco Maione
ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
Giuseppe Bifulco
Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
Agostino Casapullo
Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
Maria Iorizzi
Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Isernia, Italy
The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the oldest food crops in the world. In this study, the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) technique was used to characterize the polar lipid composition and polyphenolic fraction of five bean varieties commonly consumed in Italy: Cannellino (PVCA), Controne (PVCO), Borlotti (PVBO), Stregoni (PVST), and Vellutina (PVVE). Lipid content represents a minor fraction of the whole metabolome in dry beans, and little is known about their polar lipids, which could be potentially bioactive components. Thirty-three compounds were detected through UHPLC-MS/MS, including oxylipins, phospholipids, N-acyl glycerolipids, and several fatty acids. The dichloromethane extracts were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA), with the results showing greater differentiation for the Borlotti variety. Moreover, 27 components belonging to different polyphenol classes, such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, catechins, anthocyanins and their glycosides, and some saponins, were identified in the hydroalcoholic seed extracts. In addition, the mineral content of the beans was determined. Considering the high number of compounds in the five apolar seed extracts, all samples were examined to determine their in vitro inhibitory activity against the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which is inducible in inflammatory cells and mediates inflammatory responses. Only PVCO showed the best inhibition of the COX-2 enzyme with an IC50 = 31.15 ± 2.16 µg/mL. In light of these results, the potential anti-inflammatory properties of PVCO were evaluated in the LPS-stimulated murine macrophage cell line J774A.1. Herein, we demonstrate, for the first time, that PVCO at 30 µg/mL can significantly reduce the release of TNF-α, with a less significant anti-inflammatory effect being observed in terms of IL-6 release.
