The development of the generative sphere, flowering and fertilization Actinidia deliciosa (kiwi) in wet subtropics of Russia

Abstract

The work has studied the characteristics of the flower and the morphobiological development of the reproductive sphere in male (Tomuri) and female (Heyword) plants Actinidia deliciosa (kiwi). The basic phenological phases of development have been identified, significant differences are presented, in relation to flowering time, flowering period, the number of female and male organs, a stylus, and stamens size. It is determined that female varieties bloom later male and have a shorter length of stamens, while the biometric parameters of antipershabi of male plants are higher than female. It is not the functioning of the ovaries in male varieties and the lack of self -pollination in female, since the anthers of their flowers contain sterile pollen. A direct dependence between the quality of fertilization and the size of the fetus is established. It was revealed that in the laboratory conditions, the activity of germination of pollen is due to the varietal characteristics of the pollinator and the time of its workpiece. The viability of the pollen of the male plant of kiwi (Tomuri variety), which has a potentially high degree of fertility at 74.5% of germination, is analyzed. The reduction in the percentage of the germination and the length of the pollen tube in the pollen of the flowers Actinidia deliciosa (kiwi) with an increase in the temperature and storage of pollen, and the reverse dependence between the percentage of the germination and the length of the pollen tube with a shelf life is revealed. It is determined that the main factor in obtaining stably high yields is the selection of female and male varieties with simultaneous flowering.