Possibilities of underground engineering in the use of shallow geothermal energy

Abstract

Possible ways of using shallow geothermal energy, and capabilities of underground engineering in this process, are described in the paper. In addition to their basic role in ensuring bearing capacity or stability of soil and rock, reducing settlement of structures, etc., underground structures in direct contact with the soil, rock or ground water can also be used as a part of geothermal systems in which they can assume an efficient role in the energy transfer process. In this case, they are referred to as "underground energy structures". The implementation of elements of underground structures as parts of geothermal systems is currently in its beginnings in Croatia.