Application of microwave heating in preparation of one-dimensional carbon materials

Abstract

One-dimensional carbon materials were widely used in adsorption and purification, catalytic carriers, energy electronics and other fields because of their efficient mass transfer and diffusion efficiency, excellent mechanical properties and good chemical stability. Microwave heating met the requirements of current material processing and sustainable development by rapid treatment, improving energy efficiency and reducing equipment cost, and showed great application potential in the preparation of one-dimensional carbon materials. The development and application status of one-dimensional carbon materials and the unique advantages of microwave heating technology were introduced in this paper, the mechanism and characteristics of microwave heating were summarized, and the research and application status of microwave heating related to the preparation and performance optimization of biomass-based carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and polyacrylonitrile-based carbon nanofibers (PAN-based CNFs) were summarized. In addition, the action mode of microwave heating on biomass-based one-dimensional carbon materials during carbonization and the changes of structure and properties of PAN-based carbon fibers during microwave heating were emphatically analyzed. Finally, it was pointed out that accurate and reliable temperature measurement tools and corresponding microscopic characterization methods should be developed, the simulation and modeling tools should be used to innovatively design novel microwave reators, and the understanding of the interaction mechanism between materials and microwave through scientific research practice and basic research should be deepened, and to promote the extensive and in-depth application of microwave heating technology in the field of material processing.

Keywords

• one-dimensional carbon material
• microwave heating
• biomass
• nanomaterial
• polyacrylo-nitrile
• preparation