Green synthesis of Fe and Zn-NPs, phytochemistry and pharmacological evaluation of Phlomis cashmeriana Royle ex Benth
Amjad Hussain,
Sajjad Azam,
Kanwal Rehman,
Meher Ali,
Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash,
Xuefeng Zhou,
Abdur Rauf,
Abdulrahman Alshammari,
Norah A. Albekairi,
Abdullah Hamed AL-Ghamdi,
Ahmad Kaleem Quresh,
Shoaib Khan,
Muhammad Usman Khan
Affiliations
Amjad Hussain
Institute of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara, 56300, Punjab, Pakistan; Corresponding author.
Sajjad Azam
Institute of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara, 56300, Punjab, Pakistan
Kanwal Rehman
Department of Pharmacy, The Women University, Multan, Pakistan
Meher Ali
Department of Chemistry, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, 15100, Pakistan
Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Xuefeng Zhou
CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
Abdur Rauf
Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
Abdulrahman Alshammari
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Post Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
Norah A. Albekairi
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Post Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
Abdullah Hamed AL-Ghamdi
Pharmaceutical Care Department, Namerah General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Namerah, 65439, Saudi Arabia
Ahmad Kaleem Quresh
Department of Chemistry, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal, 574000, Punjab, Pakistan
Shoaib Khan
Department of chemistry, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology AUST, Havelian, Abbottabad, Pakistan
Muhammad Usman Khan
Institute of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara, 56300, Punjab, Pakistan
This investigation portrays the phytochemical screening, green synthesis, characterization of Fe and Zn nanoparticles, their antibacterial, anti-inflammation, cytotoxicity, and anti-thrombolytic activities. Four dissimilar solvents such as, n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol were used to prepare the extracts of Phlomis cashmeriana Royle ex Benth. This is valued medicinal plant (Family Lamiaceae), native to mountains of Afghanistan and Kashmir. In the GC-MS study of its extract, the identified phytoconstituents have different nature such as terpenoids, alcohol and esters. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by SEM, UV, XRD, and FT-IR. The phytochemical analysis showed that the plant contains TPC (total phenolic content) 297.51 mg GAE/g and TFC (total flavonoid content) 467.24 mg CE/g. The cytotoxicity values have shown that the chloroform, n-butanol and aqueous extracts were more toxic than other extracts. The anti-inflammatory potential of n-butanol and aqueous extracts was found higher than all other extracts. Chloroform and n-hexane extracts have low MIC values against both E. coli and S. aureus bacterial strains. Chloroform and aqueous extracts have great anti-thrombolytic potential than all other extracts. Overall, this study successfully synthesized the nanoparticles and provides evidence that P. cashmeriana have promising bioactive compounds that could serve as potential source in the drug formulation.
