Likelihood of hospitalization for a chronic respiratory condition following pediatric infection with enterovirus and rhinovirus strains

Charlotte Switzer; Chris P. Verschoor; Kenneth Gavina; Dominik Mertz; Kathy Luinstra; Jeffrey M. Pernica; Marek Smieja

Infectious Medicine (Dec 2022)

Likelihood of hospitalization for a chronic respiratory condition following pediatric infection with enterovirus and rhinovirus strains

Charlotte Switzer,
Chris P. Verschoor,
Kenneth Gavina,
Dominik Mertz,
Kathy Luinstra,
Jeffrey M. Pernica,
Marek Smieja

Affiliations

Charlotte Switzer: Dept. of Health Methods, Evaluation and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON CANADA; Research Institute of St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON CANADA; Corresponding author.
Chris P. Verschoor: Dept. of Health Methods, Evaluation and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON CANADA; Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON CANADA
Kenneth Gavina: Dept. of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON CANADA; Research Institute of St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON CANADA
Dominik Mertz: Dept. of Health Methods, Evaluation and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON CANADA; Dept. of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON CANADA
Kathy Luinstra: Research Institute of St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON CANADA
Jeffrey M. Pernica: Dept. of Health Methods, Evaluation and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON CANADA; Dept. of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON CANADA
Marek Smieja: Dept. of Health Methods, Evaluation and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON CANADA; Dept. of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON CANADA; Research Institute of St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON CANADA

Journal volume & issue: Vol. 1, no. 4
pp. 245 – 252

Abstract

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Background: Rhino-enteroviruses, particularly enterovirus strain D68 (EV-D68), have been associated with severe respiratory distress in children. The goal of this study was to compare the long-term outcomes of children with EV-D68 infection to that of children with other enterovirus / rhinovirus. Methods: Nasopharyngeal swabs from 174 children presenting with respiratory distress were tested by PCR for respiratory viruses. The primary outcome was diagnosis of a chronic respiratory condition within the follow-up period. Admission to intensive care, and length of stay were recorded. Odds ratios were determined using multinomial logistic regression. Results: During 5 years of follow-up, the crude odds of diagnosis with a chronic respiratory condition were significantly more likely in EV-D68 cases (OR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.02, 3.82), but failed to remain significant after adjusting for a past history of asthma. Upon admission for a primary concern of asthma, length of stay both in hospital and intensive care were significantly longer in EV-D68 cases (OR: 2.10 [95% CI: 1.56, 2.82, p < 0.001]) and (OR: 5.18 [95% CI: 1.90, 6.28, p < 0.001]), respectively. After adjustment for a history of asthma, EV-D68 cases had significantly longer length of stay in hospital, admitted for 1.94 days for each day that controls were admitted (95% CI: 1.40, 2.68). In admissions to intensive care, EV-D68 cases spent 2.74 days for each day of admission in controls (95% CI: 1.62, 4.97, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Ours is first study to assess prognostic respiratory outcomes of patients infected with EV-D68 in childhood. Our study finds that EV-D68 cases were significantly more likely be hospitalized for longer than other enterovirus/rhinovirus controls in subsequent admissions for respiratory distress. Need for intensive care was significantly longer in EV-D68 infections. Our next steps will be validation in a larger sample size.

Published in Infectious Medicine

ISSN: 2772-431X (Online)
Publisher: Elsevier
Country of publisher: United Kingdom
LCC subjects: Medicine: Internal medicine: Infectious and parasitic diseases
Website: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/infectious-medicine

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