Attentive Octave Convolutional Capsule Network for Medical Image Classification

Abstract

Medical image classification plays an essential role in disease diagnosis and clinical treatment. More and more research efforts have been dedicated to the design of effective methods for medical image classification. As an effective framework, the capsule network (CapsNet) can realize translation equivariance. Lots of current research applies capsule networks in medical image analysis. In this paper, we propose an attentive octave convolutional capsule network (AOC-Caps) for medical image classification. In AOC-Caps, an AOC module is used to replace the traditional convolution operation. The purpose of the AOC module is to process and fuse the high- and low-frequency information in the input image simultaneously, and weigh the important parts automatically. Following the AOC module, a matrix capsule is used and the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm is applied to update the routing weights. The proposed AOC-Caps and comparative methods are tested on seven datasets, including PathMNIST, DermaMNIST, OCTMNIST, PneumoniaMNIST, OrganMNIST_Axial, OrganMNIST_Coronal, and OrganMNIST_Sagittal, which are from MedMNIST. In the experiments, baselines include the traditional CNN models, automated machine learning (AutoML) methods, and related capsule network methods. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed AOC-Caps achieves better performance on most of the seven medical image datasets.

Keywords

• medical image classification
• capsule network
• octave convolution
• attention mechanism