Effect of 60Co gamma radiation on plant regeneration of <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L. cultivar 'ICA Pijao' via indirect organogenesis

Abstract

In Phaseolus vulgaris L. breeding programs has been used mutation induction, however, no radiosensitivity studies have been performed in vitro in order to define the optimal dose of radiation to be applied. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of gamma radiation in the formation, multiplication of callus and plant regeneration of P.vulgaris cultivar 'ICA Pijao' via indirect organogenesis. Seeds were irradiated with doses of 70 to 100 Gy and then it placed to in vitro germinate. From these, calli were formed and were regenerated. The number of germinated seeds was quantified and root length was measured. Callus formation in the number of explants that formed calli were recorded and fresh weight was determined at 21 days of culture as in multiplication. In plant regeneration, the number of shoots per callus and the number of shoots with roots were quantified and coloration that they had described. The application of gamma radiation on seeds from the lowest dose, induced a reduction in the percentage of explants with callus formation below 50% compared to control unirradiated, fresh mass of the callus and the shoot regeneration were below 30% compared to control, which showed values higher than 70%. Keywords: beans, in vitro mutations, breeding, gamma radiation, seeds