Food Xanthan Polysaccharide Sulfation Process with Sulfamic Acid
Aleksandr S. Kazachenko,
Natalya Yu. Vasilieva,
Valentina S. Borovkova,
Olga Yu. Fetisova,
Noureddine Issaoui,
Yuriy N. Malyar,
Evgeniy V. Elsuf’ev,
Anton A. Karacharov,
Andrey M. Skripnikov,
Angelina V. Miroshnikova,
Anna S. Kazachenko,
Dmitry V. Zimonin,
Vladislav A. Ionin
Affiliations
Aleksandr S. Kazachenko
Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials Science, Siberian Federal University, pr. Svobodny 79, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Natalya Yu. Vasilieva
Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials Science, Siberian Federal University, pr. Svobodny 79, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Valentina S. Borovkova
Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials Science, Siberian Federal University, pr. Svobodny 79, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Olga Yu. Fetisova
FRC “Krasnoyarsk Science Center”, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok 50/24, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Noureddine Issaoui
Laboratory of Quantum and Statistical Physics (LR18ES18), Faculty of Sciences, University of Monastir, Monastir 5079, Tunisia
Yuriy N. Malyar
Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials Science, Siberian Federal University, pr. Svobodny 79, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Evgeniy V. Elsuf’ev
FRC “Krasnoyarsk Science Center”, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok 50/24, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Anton A. Karacharov
FRC “Krasnoyarsk Science Center”, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok 50/24, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Andrey M. Skripnikov
Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials Science, Siberian Federal University, pr. Svobodny 79, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Angelina V. Miroshnikova
Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials Science, Siberian Federal University, pr. Svobodny 79, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Anna S. Kazachenko
Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials Science, Siberian Federal University, pr. Svobodny 79, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Dmitry V. Zimonin
Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials Science, Siberian Federal University, pr. Svobodny 79, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Vladislav A. Ionin
Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials Science, Siberian Federal University, pr. Svobodny 79, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Xanthan is an important polysaccharide with many beneficial properties. Sulfated xanthan derivatives have anticoagulant and antithrombotic activity. This work proposes a new method for the synthesis of xanthan sulfates using sulfamic acid. Various N-substituted ureas have been investigated as process activators. It was found that urea has the greatest activating ability. BBD of xanthan sulfation process with sulfamic acid in 1,4-dioxane has been carried out. It was shown that the optimal conditions for the sulfation of xanthan (13.1 wt% sulfur content) are: the amount of sulfating complex per 1 g of xanthan is 3.5 mmol, temperature 90 °C, duration 2.3 h. Sulfated xanthan with the maximum sulfur content was analyzed by physicochemical methods. Thus, in the FTIR spectrum of xanthan sulfate, in comparison with the initial xanthanum, absorption bands appear at 1247 cm−1, which corresponds to the vibrations of the sulfate group. It was shown by GPC chromatography that the starting xanthan gum has a bimodal molecular weight distribution of particles, including a high molecular weight fraction with Mw > 1000 kDa and an LMW fraction with Mw < 600 kDa. It was found that the Mw of sulfated xanthan gum has a lower value (~612 kDa) in comparison with the original xanthan gum, and a narrower molecular weight distribution and is characterized by lower PD values. It was shown by thermal analysis that the main decomposition of xanthan sulfate, in contrast to the initial xanthan, occurs in two stages. The DTG curve has two pronounced peaks, with maxima at 226 and 286 °C.
