Isolation of Human CD138+ Microparticles from the Plasma of Patients with Multiple Myeloma

Abstract

The confinement of multiple myeloma (MM) to the bone marrow microenvironment requires an invasive bone marrow biopsy to monitor the malignant compartment. The existing clinical tools used to determine treatment response and tumor relapse are limited in sensitivity mainly because they indirectly measure tumor burden inside the bone marrow and fail to capture the patchy, multisite tumor infiltrates associated with MM. Microparticles (MPs) are 0.1- to 1.0-μm membrane vesicles, which contain the cellular content of their originating cell. MPs are functional mediators and convey prothrombotic, promalignant, proresistance, and proinflammatory messages, establishing intercellular cross talk and bypassing the need for direct cell-cell contact in many pathologies. In this study, we analyzed plasma cell–derived MPs (CD138+) from deidentified MM patients (n = 64) and normal subjects (n = 18) using flow cytometry. The morphology and size of the MPs were further analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Our study shows the proof of a systemic signature of MPs in MM patients. We observed that the levels of MPs were significantly elevated in MM corresponding to the tumor burden. We provide the first evidence for the presence of MPs in the peripheral blood of MM patients with potential applications in personalized MM clinical monitoring.