Construction of Aptamer-Based Nanobiosensor for Breast Cancer Biomarkers Detection Utilizing g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/Magnetic Nano-Structure
Mehrab Pourmadadi,
Fatemeh Yazdian,
Sohrabali Ghorbanian,
Amin Shamsabadipour,
Elham Khandel,
Hamid Rashedi,
Abbas Rahdar,
Ana M. Díez-Pascual
Affiliations
Mehrab Pourmadadi
Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 11155-4563, Iran
Fatemeh Yazdian
Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Science and Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran 14166-34793, Iran
Sohrabali Ghorbanian
School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 14166-34793, Iran
Amin Shamsabadipour
Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 11155-4563, Iran
Elham Khandel
Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 11155-4563, Iran
Hamid Rashedi
Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 11155-4563, Iran
Abbas Rahdar
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, Zabol 538-98615, Iran
Ana M. Díez-Pascual
Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
An electrochemical aptasensor has been developed to determine breast cancer biomarkers (CA 15-3). Aptamer chains were immobilized on the surface of the electrode by g-C3N4/Fe3O4 nanoparticles, which increased the conductivity and active surface area of the electrode. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements have been carried out to characterize the nanomaterials. Cyclic voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy have been used to characterize the developed electrode. The results demonstrate that the modified electrode has better selectivity for CA 15-3 compared to other biological molecules. It has a good electrochemical response to CA 15-3 with a detection limit of 0.2 UmL−1 and a linear response between 1 and 9 UmL−1. It has been used as a label-free sensor in potassium ferrocyanide medium and as methylene blue-labeled in phosphate buffer medium. This electrode was successfully applied to analyze the serum of diseased and healthy individuals, which corroborates its high potential for biosensing applications, especially for the diagnosis of breast cancer.
