Ikufīziyuluzhī-i Giyāhān-i Zirā̒ī (Feb 2024)
Growth Index, Yield and Yield Components of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) Cultivars Affected by Date and Method of Planting at Ahvaz Region
Abstract
The most important component compatible with climatic diversity in agriculture is the planting date, which has the greatest impact on the phenological characteristics of the plant. Planting date is determined based on cultivar and climate of each region. In order this study was conducted to investigate the effect of seed and transplanting method on yield and yield components of quinoa cultivars in different planting dates in Ahvaz climatic conditions. The experiment as a split split plot in a randomized complete block design with four replications in crop years 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. Planting date was taken as the main factor in four levels (22 October, 1 November, 11 November and 21 November) and sub factor including planting method (transplanting and seed planting) and sub-sub factor also Quinoa cultivars (Giza1, Q26 and Titicaca). The results showed that delay in planting date reduced growth index (22, 39 and 26% LAI, DM and CGR recpectively), days to flowering (21%) and grain yield components (number of panicles per plant (42%), number grain per panicle (26%) and 1000-grain weight (21%)), grain yield (63%) and harvest index (54%) in quinoa. The highest value of these traits was related to the date of first sowing (October 22) and it was also found that transplanting in early sowing date is weaker than seed sowing but in late sowing date is better than seed sowing and reduces the negative effects of late sowing. Among the studied cultivars, Q26 cultivar was more acceptable in terms of growth rate (LAI (4.87), DMT (637.3 g. m-2), CGR (18.58 g. m-2.day) and yield components (number of panicles per plant (9.72) and 1000-grain weight (4.81 g)) and grain yield (1813 kg. h-1) than the other two cultivars. The highest grain yield (3058 kg.ha-1) belonged to Q26 cultivar on 30 October planting and 22 October planting and seed sowing (3148 kg.ha-1) and the lowest grain yield (769 kg.ha-1) belonged to Titicaca cultivar on 11 and 21 November planting. In general, it was observed that the sowing date in early autumn was suitable for planting different cultivars of quinoa in Khuzestan province due to the longer growing season and Transplantation at this date of sowing did not have much advantage in terms of yield compared to seed sowing, but in the date of delayed sowing reduces the negative effects.
