Some Cosine Similarity Measures and Distance Measures between Complex q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Sets and Their Applications

Abstract

As a modification of the q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets (QROFSs), complex QROFSs (CQROFSs) can describe the inaccurate information by complex-valued truth grades with an additional term, named as phase term. Cosine similarity measures (CSMs) and distance measures (DMs) are important tools to verify the grades of discrimination between the two sets. In this manuscript, we develop some CSMs and DMs for CQROFSs. Firstly, the CSMs and Euclidean DMs (EDMs) for CQROFSs and their properties are investigated. Because the CSMs do not keep the axiom of similarity measure (SM), we investigate a technique to develop other SMs based on CQROFSs, and they meet the axiom of the SMs. Moreover, we propose a cosine DM (CDM) based on CQROFSs by considering the interrelationship among the SMs and DMs, then we propose an extended TOPSIS method to solve the multi-attribute decision-making problems. Finally, we provide some sensible examples to demonstrate the practicality and efficiency of the suggested procedure, at the same time, the graphical representations of the developed measures are also utilized in this manuscript.

Keywords

• Complex q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets
• Cosine similarity measures
• Cosine distance measures
• Technique for an order of preference by similarity to ideal solution