Analysis of Volatiles in <i>Senecio anteuphorbium</i> Essential Oil with a Focus on Its Allelopathic Effect by Means of Gas Chromatography
Soukaina Ouhaddou,
Abdellah Aghraz,
Widad Ben Bakrim,
Saida Sissi,
Mustapha Larhsini,
Mohamed Markouk,
Khalid Bekkouche,
Sara Arrigo,
Nicola Cicero,
Rosaria Costa,
Rossella Vadalà
Affiliations
Soukaina Ouhaddou
Laboratory of Agri-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Team of Protection and Valorization of Plant Resources, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, BP: 2390, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
Abdellah Aghraz
Agrobiosciences Research Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660–Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben-Guerir 43150, Morocco
Widad Ben Bakrim
Agrobiosciences Research Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660–Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben-Guerir 43150, Morocco
Saida Sissi
Laboratory of Agri-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Team of Protection and Valorization of Plant Resources, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, BP: 2390, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
Mustapha Larhsini
Laboratory of Agri-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Team of Protection and Valorization of Plant Resources, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, BP: 2390, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
Mohamed Markouk
Laboratory of Agri-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Team of Protection and Valorization of Plant Resources, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, BP: 2390, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
Khalid Bekkouche
Laboratory of Agri-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Team of Protection and Valorization of Plant Resources, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, BP: 2390, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
Sara Arrigo
Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
Nicola Cicero
Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
Rosaria Costa
Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
Rossella Vadalà
Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
The present study aimed to investigate Senecio anteuphorbium, an endemic plant growing in West Morocco and widely used in local folk medicine. The essential oil (EO) extracted from the aerial parts was analyzed by gas chromatography and tested for allelopathic activity. The quantitation of the volatiles was carried out by means of GC-FID with response factors, which were validated through reliable calibration procedures, based on external and internal standardization. This analytical approach allowed to define the real concentration of each constituent (weight%, g/100 g) alongside the conventional relative percent. On the other hand, the identification process was supported by a dual matching based on both mass spectra and retention indices. The essential oil resulted in being rich in sesquiterpenes, with the predominant constituents being bicyclogermacrene (22.75 g/100 g), spathulenol (25.26 g/100 g), epi-γ-eudesmol (6.8 g/100 g), and selina-4,11-diene (5.08 g/100 g). The allelopathic effect was evaluated by studying the inhibition of the germination and growth of Lactuca sativa seeds. A potent allelopathic effect was recorded by the essential oil at a dose of 0.281 mg/mL, with almost a total inhibition of germination.
