Designing a Green Chemistry Integrated Separation and Purification Textbook Using the Four Steps Teaching Material Development (4STMD) Method: Selecting and Structuring Steps

Abstract

This research aims to develop a university chemistry textbook in the Separation and Purification course by integrating the principles of Green Chemistry through the Four Steps Teaching Material Development (4STMD) method. Several separation and purification techniques are designed in this textbook, including sublimation, recrystallisation, chromatography, and distillation techniques, which are packaged in a presentation that focuses on the principles of Green Chemistry. The textbook development uses the 4STMD method which includes the steps of selecting, structuring, characterisation, and didactic reduction. The 4STMD is a teaching material development method characterised by a well-organized and straightforward sequence of steps. The research is limited to the selecting and structuring steps so that the research results are more focused and in-depth. The instrument used in this study was a review sheet of the suitability of concepts, indicators, and core competencies; as well as the suitability of concept maps, macro structures, and textbook systematics. The instrument used in this study was a review sheet of the suitability of concepts, indicators, and core competencies; as well as the suitability of concept maps, macro structures, and textbook systematics. This research was motivated by the limited number of college textbooks with a Green Chemistry perspective, especially for prospective chemistry teachers in coastal areas. Separation and purification are basic skills that must be mastered before synthesising and isolating a compound. However, the synthesis and isolation process usually involves the use of relatively hazardous solvents. Therefore, a separation and purification textbook that integrates Green Chemistry is needed so that students can master specification and concentration materials that are oriented towards environmental sustainability.