The effect of ecological factors on boletoid fungi (fam. Boletaceae, Gyroporaceae, Suillacea) in the conditions of protected areas of Penza region

Abstract

Background. The study of boletoid fungi of Boletaceae, Gyroporaceae and Suillacea families is of great importance. They play an important role in the life of temperate forest ecosystems as mycorrhizal symbionts of the main forest-forming tree species. In addition, this group includes the most important edible mushrooms. This determines the relevance of studying their diversity and ecology. The purposeof the work was to study the species diversity of boletoid fungi, and the influence of the edaphic factor and the moisture factor on their distribution in the conditions of the protected area “Upper River. Sura” State Nature Reserve “Privolzhskaya forest-sope” and natural monuments of regional significance “Burchikhinsky slopes”, “Zasursky blueberry forest”, “Kichkleysky pine forest with oak” and “Nikonovsky forest”. Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in the places of the considered specially protected natural areas (SPNA) with the help of route method. When determining fungi, the method of light microscopy was used. Results. Within all the studied SPNA, 30 species of boletoid fungi belonging to the three studied families were identified. The Boletaceae family is represented in the SPNA data by 14 genera and 24 species, Gyroporaceae by 1 genus and 2 species, and Suillaceae by 1 genus and 4 species. The determining influence of the main abiotic factors on the distribution of boletoid fungi has been established. Within the studied protected areas, rare species of fungi of the group under consideration, listed in the Red Book of Penza Region (2013), were identified: Caloboletus radicans, Gyroporus castaneus, Leccinellum crocipodium and Pseudoboletus parasiticus, as well as Hemileccinum depilatum и Rubroboletus legaliae planned for inclusion in the third edition. Conclusions. The leading environmental factors that determine thespatial distribution of boletoid fungi and the yield of their fruiting bodies are soil fertility and moisture. In relation to these factors, within the studied SPNA, the following ecological groups of fungi of the considered family can be distinguished: 1) xerophyte, mesophyte, and hygrophyte oligotrophs; 2) mesotrophic mesophytes; 3) mesophyte megatrophs.

Keywords

• mycorrhizal fungi
• natural monument
• rare species
• moisture
• edaphic network
• environmental factors