Global trends in incidence, death, burden and risk factors of early-onset cancer from 1990 to 2019
Malcolm Dunlop,
Jing Sun,
Lijuan Wang,
Xue Li,
Mingyang Song,
Harry Campbell,
Evropi Theodoratou,
Shuai Yuan,
Igor Rudan,
Yingshuang Zhu,
Kefeng Ding,
Jianhui Zhao,
Susanna Larsson,
Liying Xu,
Zhengwei Wan,
Konstantinos Tsilidis,
Peige Song
Affiliations
Malcolm Dunlop
Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Jing Sun
Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
Lijuan Wang
Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
Xue Li
Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
Mingyang Song
Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
Harry Campbell
Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Evropi Theodoratou
Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Shuai Yuan
Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Igor Rudan
Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Yingshuang Zhu
Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
Kefeng Ding
Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
Jianhui Zhao
Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
Susanna Larsson
Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Liying Xu
Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
Zhengwei Wan
Department of Health Management and Institute of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People`s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
Konstantinos Tsilidis
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
Peige Song
Centre for Global Health, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
Objective This study aimed to explore the global burden of early-onset cancer based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study for 29 cancers worldwid.Methods and analysis Incidence, deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and risk factors for 29 early-onset cancer groups were obtained from GBD.Results Global incidence of early-onset cancer increased by 79.1% and the number of early-onset cancer deaths increased by 27.7% between 1990 and 2019. Early-onset breast, tracheal, bronchus and lung, stomach and colorectal cancers showed the highest mortality and DALYs in 2019. Globally, the incidence rates of early-onset nasopharyngeal and prostate cancer showed the fastest increasing trend, whereas early-onset liver cancer showed the sharpest decrease. Early-onset colorectal cancers had high DALYs within the top five ranking for both men and women. High-middle and middle Sociodemographic Index (SDI) regions had the highest burden of early-onset cancer. The morbidity of early-onset cancer increased with the SDI, and the mortality rate decreased considerably when SDI increased from 0.7 to 1. The projections indicated that the global number of incidence and deaths of early-onset cancer would increase by 31% and 21% in 2030, respectively. Dietary risk factors (diet high in red meat, low in fruits, high in sodium and low in milk, etc), alcohol consumption and tobacco use are the main risk factors underlying early-onset cancers.Conclusion Early-onset cancer morbidity continues to increase worldwide with notable variances in mortality and DALYs between areas, countries, sex and cancer types. Encouraging a healthy lifestyle could reduce early-onset cancer disease burden.
