Blue light-driven cell cycle arrest in thyroid cancer via Retinal-OPN3 complex

Abstract

Abstract Background Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid malignancy, with a rising incidence. Traditional treatments, such as thyroidectomy and radiotherapy, often lead to significant side effects, including impaired thyroid function. Therefore, there is an urgent need for non-invasive therapeutic approaches. This study aims to explore the potential of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), a non-invasive treatment using specific wavelengths of light, in the management of PTC. Methods We investigated the effects of blue light PBMT on PTC cells, focusing on the Retinal-OPSIN 3 (OPN3) complex’s role in mediating cellular responses. Blue light exposure was applied to PTC cells, and subsequent changes in cellular proliferation, cell cycle progression, and protein expression were analyzed. Statistical tests, including one-way ANOVA and t-tests, were used to evaluate the significance of the findings. Results Blue light exposure led to the dissociation of 11-cis-retinal from OPN3, resulting in the accumulation of all-trans retinal. This accumulation disrupted cellular proliferation pathways and induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in PTC cells. The Retinal-OPN3 complex was found to be a key mediator in these processes, demonstrating that thyroid cells can respond to specific light wavelengths and utilize their photoreceptive potential for therapeutic purposes. Conclusions Our findings suggest that PBMT, through the modulation of the Retinal-OPN3 complex, offers a promising non-invasive approach for treating PTC. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of light signal transduction in non-ocular tissues and opens new avenues for non-invasive cancer therapies.

Keywords

• Light signal transduction
• Photobiomodulation
• Papillary thyroid carcinoma
• Retinal Isomerization
• Biophotonics