Hand, foot and mouth disease in children: A clinico epidemiological study

Abstract

Background: Epidemics of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) are increasing every year globally. The disease now presents an increasing threat to public health worldwide. HFMD is a highly contagious viral infection characterized by a typical maculopapular or vesicular eruptions on the hands and feet and in the oral cavity. It affects predominantly children and/or immunocompromised adults and follows a benign self-limiting course. However, HFMD cases with severe or lethal complications such as encephalitis, meningitis, pulmonary edema, and myocarditis have been reported mostly in children, and also in immunocompromised adults. The common pathogens are coxsackievirus A16, enterovirus 71, and recently coxsackieviruses A6 and A10 have been included. Differences in the course of HFMD have been observed depending on the virus type, age, and immune status. Aim: This study is to review the clinico epidemiological data for HFMD for early diagnosis and treatment, to prevent the complications and to implement the precautionary measures during outbreaks. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study is conducted from August 2013 to January 2014. Consecutive cases clinically diagnosed as HFMD, in the pediatric age group were taken up. Results: We report the clinico epidemiological study of 50 cases of HFMD, their benign course and recovery among immunocompetent children. Conclusion: Early accurate diagnosis and treatment of HFMD along with monitoring is crucial to prevent severe complications. Hence, a high index of suspicion is required to diagnose HFMD.

Keywords

• Coxsackievirus
• hand
• foot and mouth disease
• immunocompetent children