Pitch Actuator Fault-Tolerant Control of Wind Turbines via an <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="script">L</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>₁ Adaptive Sliding Mode Control (<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="script">SMC</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>) Scheme

Abstract

Effective fault identification and management are critical for efficient wind turbine operation. This research presents a novel L1 adaptive-SMC system designed to enhance fault tolerance in wind turbines, specifically addressing common issues such as pump wear, hydraulic leakage, and excessive air content in the oil. By combining SMC with L1 adaptive control, the proposed technique effectively controls rotor speed and power, ensuring reliable performance under various conditions. The controller employs an adjustable gain and an integrated sliding surface to maintain robustness. We validate the controller’s performance in the FAST (Fatigue, Aerodynamics, Structures, and Turbulence) simulation environment using a 5-megawatt wind turbine under high wind speeds. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed L1 adaptive-SMC outperforms traditional adaptive-SMC and adaptive control schemes, particularly in the presence of faults, unknown disturbances, and turbulent wind fields. This research highlights the controller’s potential to significantly improve the reliability and efficiency of wind turbine operations.

Keywords

• wind turbine control
• fault tolerance
• sliding mode control (?ℳ?)
• ℒ₁ adaptive control
• renewable energy