Active left atrial ejection fraction as a non-invasive marker in pulmonary hypertension secondary to heart failure

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Background: Patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) secondary to left heart failure (HF) exhibit a complex pathophysiological profile and poor prognosis. Left atrial (LA) function is pivotal in the progression of this disease, yet its predictive significance remains exclusive. This study aimed to explore the predictive capability of LA metrics in this population and compare them with other common predictors. Methods: In this retrospective study, consecutive patients with PH secondary to HF who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging between December 2010 and December 2021 were enrolled. The composite endpoint was defined as all-cause death, heart-lung transplantation, or left ventricular assist device implantation. Survival analyses were performed using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression analyses. Results: A total of 174 patients with PH secondary to HF, with a mean age of 53.2 ± 14.9 years, including 90 men, were included in the final analysis. During a median follow-up of 31.9 months, 33.3% (58/174) of the patients with PH reached the endpoints. There was a fair correlation between active left atrial ejection fraction (LAEF) and pulmonary artery wedge pressure (r = −0.397, p = 0.044). Active LAEF had a strong correlation with oxygen consumption at anaerobic threshold (r = 0.769, p 8.6%. Conclusion: Although active LAEF does not demonstrate statistical improvement in outcome discrimination compared to established metrics, it may still merit consideration for assessing disease severity and prognosis in patients with PH secondary to HF. The integration of active LAEF and HF subtypes may stratify individuals at different levels of risk.

Keywords

• Pulmonary hypertension secondary to heart failure
• Cardiac magnetic resonance
• Active left atrial ejection fraction
• Risk stratification
• Prognosis