Advancements and challenges in developing in vivo CAR T cell therapies for cancer treatment
Thuy Anh Bui,
Haoqi Mei,
Rui Sang,
David Gallego Ortega,
Wei Deng
Affiliations
Thuy Anh Bui
School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Whitlam Orthopaedic Research Centre, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
Haoqi Mei
School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
Rui Sang
Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, Faculty of Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
David Gallego Ortega
School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Garvan Institute of Medical Research, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
Wei Deng
School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, Faculty of Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Corresponding author. School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
Summary: The Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has emerged as a ground-breaking immunotherapeutic approach in cancer treatment. To overcome the complexity and high manufacturing cost associated with current ex vivo CAR T cell therapy products, alternative strategies to produce CAR T cells directly in the body have been developed in recent years. These strategies involve the direct infusion of CAR genes via engineered nanocarriers or viral vectors to generate CAR T cells in situ. This review offers a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in the development of T cell-targeted CAR generation in situ. Additionally, it identifies the challenges associated with in vivo CAR T method and potential strategies to overcome these issues.
