Effective removal of malachite green from local dyeing wastewater using zinc-tungstate based materials
Hassana Ladio Abubakar,
Jimoh Oladejo Tijani,
Ambali Saka Abdulkareem,
Titus Chinedu Egbosiuba,
Mann Abdullahi,
Saheed Mustapha,
Emmanuel Ayorinde Ajiboye
Affiliations
Hassana Ladio Abubakar
Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, PMB. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
Jimoh Oladejo Tijani
Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, PMB. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria; Nanotechnology Research Group, Africa Centre of Excellence for Mycotoxin and Food Safety, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 65, Bosso, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
Ambali Saka Abdulkareem
Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, PMB. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria; Nanotechnology Research Group, Africa Centre of Excellence for Mycotoxin and Food Safety, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 65, Bosso, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
Titus Chinedu Egbosiuba
Department of Chemical Engineering, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, P.M.B 02, Uli Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria; Nanotechnology Research Group, Africa Centre of Excellence for Mycotoxin and Food Safety, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 65, Bosso, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria; Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Corresponding author. Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
Mann Abdullahi
Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, PMB. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
Saheed Mustapha
Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, PMB. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria; Nanotechnology Research Group, Africa Centre of Excellence for Mycotoxin and Food Safety, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 65, Bosso, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
Emmanuel Ayorinde Ajiboye
Department of Chemical Engineering, Hydrometallurgy Unit, University of Cape Town, South Africa
The frequent use of an industrial dye such as malachite green (MG) has caused major water body deterioration and is one of the most pressing global challenges, demanding effective treatment techniques. To solve these issues, a simplistic method was developed to synthesize zinc-tungstate (ZnWO4) nanoparticles and also dope the surface matrix of the ZnWO4 nanoparticles using nonmetals of boron (B), carbon (C), and nitrogen (N) at different ratios for enhanced MG removal from wastewater. The prepared nanomaterials were characterized by different methods for crystal structure composition, surface properties, surface morphology, microstructures, functional groups, and elemental oxidation states. The BET analysis revealed a mesoporous structure with surface areas of 30.740 m2/g for ZnWO4, 38.513 m2/g for ZnWO4@BCN, 37.368 m2/g for ZnWO4@BCN/B, 39.325 m2/g for ZnWO4@BCN/C, and 45.436 m2/g for ZnWO4@BCN/N nanocomposites. The best removal of MG was accomplished at pH (8), contact period (50 min), nanoadsorbent dose (0.8 g/L), initial MG concentration (20 mg/L), and temperature (303 K). The maximum adsorption capacities of ZnWO4 and ZnWO4@BCN/N towards MG were 218.645 and 251.758 mg/g, respectively. At equilibrium, the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were the best fits for the experimental data of MG adsorption on both nanoadsorbents. After eight cycles of adsorption and desorption, both ZnWO4 and ZnWO4@BCN/N were found to be good at removing MG, with efficiencies of 71.00 and 74.20%, respectively. Thermodynamic investigations further validated the spontaneity and endothermic nature of the adsorption process. All study findings confirm the nanoadsorbents exceptional capability and economic feasibility for removing MG dye.
