Feature Extraction of a Non-Stationary Seismic–Acoustic Signal Using a High-Resolution Dyadic Spectrogram
Diego Seuret-Jiménez,
Eduardo Trutié-Carrero,
José Manuel Nieto-Jalil,
Erick Daniel García-Aquino,
Lorena Díaz-González,
Laura Carballo-Sigler,
Daily Quintana-Fuentes,
Luis Manuel Gaggero-Sager
Affiliations
Diego Seuret-Jiménez
Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Campus Chamilpa, Ave. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca CP 62209, Mexico
Eduardo Trutié-Carrero
Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Campus Chamilpa, Ave. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca CP 62209, Mexico
José Manuel Nieto-Jalil
School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Atlixcáyotl 5718, Reserva Territorial Atlix-Cáyotl, Puebla CP 72453, Mexico
Erick Daniel García-Aquino
Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Campus Chamilpa, Ave. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca CP 62209, Mexico
Lorena Díaz-González
Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Campus Chamilpa, Ave. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca CP 62209, Mexico
Laura Carballo-Sigler
Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Campus Chamilpa, Ave. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca CP 62209, Mexico
Daily Quintana-Fuentes
Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Campus Chamilpa, Ave. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca CP 62209, Mexico
Luis Manuel Gaggero-Sager
Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Campus Chamilpa, Ave. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca CP 62209, Mexico
Using a novel mathematical tool called the Te-gram, researchers analyzed the energy distribution of frequency components in the scale–frequency plane. Through this analysis, a frequency band of approximately 12 Hz is identified, which can be isolated without distorting its constituent frequencies. This band, along with others, remained inseparable through conventional time–frequency analysis methods. The Te-gram successfully addresses this knowledge gap, providing multi-sensitivity in the frequency domain and effectively attenuating cross-term energy. The Daubechies 45 wavelet function was employed due to its exceptional 150 dB attenuation in the rejection band. The validation process encompassed three stages: pre-, during-, and post-seismic activity. The utilized signal corresponds to the 19 September 2017 earthquake, occurring between the states of Morelos and Puebla, Mexico. The results showcased the impressive ability of the Te-gram to surpass expectations in terms of sensitivity and energy distribution within the frequency domain. The Te-gram outperformed the procedures documented in the existing literature. On the other hand, the results show a frequency band between 0.7 Hz and 1.75 Hz, which is named the planet Earth noise.
