Insecticidal efficacy of nanoparticles against Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) larvae and their impact in the soil
Sarayut Pittarate,
Vivekanandhan Perumal,
Swathy Kannan,
Supamit Mekchay,
Malee Thungrabeab,
Piyawan Suttiprapan,
Senthil-Nathan Sengottayan,
Patcharin Krutmuang
Affiliations
Sarayut Pittarate
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
Vivekanandhan Perumal
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 77, Tamil Nadu, India
Swathy Kannan
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
Supamit Mekchay
Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
Malee Thungrabeab
Agriculture Technology Research Institute, Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna, Lampang, 50300, Thailand
Piyawan Suttiprapan
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
Senthil-Nathan Sengottayan
Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627 412, India
Patcharin Krutmuang
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Corresponding author. Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
The present study aims to evaluate the different nanoparticles (Cu NPs, KI NPs, Ag NPs, Bd NPs, and Gv NPs) against 4th instar Spodoptera frugiperda larvae as well as the microbial toxicity, phytotoxicity, and soil pH. Nanoparticles were tested at three concentrations (1000, 10000, and 100000 ppm) using two methods (food dip and larvae dip) against S. frugiperda larvae. Results (from the larval dip method) showed that among the nanoparticles, the KI NPs caused 63%, 98%, and 98% mortality within 5 days in the treatment of 1000, 10000, and 100000 ppm, respectively. After 24 h post treatment, a 1000 ppm concentration showed 95%, 54%, and 94% germination rates in Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana, and Trichoderma harzianum, respectively. The phytotoxicity evaluation clearly showed that NPs did not affect the morphology of the corn plants after the treatment. The soil nutrient analysis results showed that no effect was observed in soil pH or soil nutrients compared to control treatments. The study clearly showed that nanoparticles are caused toxic effect against S. frugiperda larvae.
