Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems (Mar 2025)
Reducing Long‐Standing Surface Ozone Overestimation in Earth System Modeling by High‐Resolution Simulation and Dry Deposition Improvement
- Yang Gao,
- Wenbin Kou,
- Wenxuan Cheng,
- Xiuwen Guo,
- Binglin Qu,
- Yubing Wu,
- Shaoqing Zhang,
- Hong Liao,
- Deliang Chen,
- L. Ruby Leung,
- Oliver Wild,
- Junxi Zhang,
- Guangxing Lin,
- Hang Su,
- Yafang Cheng,
- Ulrich Pöschl,
- Andrea Pozzer,
- Leiming Zhang,
- Jean‐Francois Lamarque,
- Alex B. Guenther,
- Guy Brasseur,
- Zhao Liu,
- Haitian Lu,
- Chenlin Li,
- Bin Zhao,
- Shuxiao Wang,
- Xin Huang,
- Jingshan Pan,
- Guangliang Liu,
- Xin Liu,
- Haipeng Lin,
- Yuanhong Zhao,
- Chun Zhao,
- Junlei Meng,
- Xiaohong Yao,
- Huiwang Gao,
- Lixin Wu
Affiliations
- Yang Gao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System and Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, and Laoshan Laboratory Qingdao China
- Wenbin Kou
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System and Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, and Laoshan Laboratory Qingdao China
- Wenxuan Cheng
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System and Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, and Laoshan Laboratory Qingdao China
- Xiuwen Guo
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System and Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, and Laoshan Laboratory Qingdao China
- Binglin Qu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System and Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, and Laoshan Laboratory Qingdao China
- Yubing Wu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System and Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, and Laoshan Laboratory Qingdao China
- Shaoqing Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography, Ministry of Education, the College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Ocean University of China, and Laoshan Laboratory Qingdao China
- Hong Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Cleaning Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing China
- Deliang Chen
- Department of Earth System Sciences Tsinghua University Beijing China
- L. Ruby Leung
- Atmospheric, Climate, and Earth Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA USA
- Oliver Wild
- Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancaster UK
- Junxi Zhang
- Zhejiang Lab Hangzhou China
- Guangxing Lin
- International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Hang Su
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Yafang Cheng
- Minerva Independent Research Group Max Planck Institute for Chemistry Mainz Germany
- Ulrich Pöschl
- Multiphase Chemistry Department Max Planck Institute for Chemistry Mainz Germany
- Andrea Pozzer
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department Max Planck Institute for Chemistry Mainz Germany
- Leiming Zhang
- Air Quality Research Division Science and Technology Branch Environment and Climate Change Canada Toronto ON Canada
- Jean‐Francois Lamarque
- National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO USA
- Alex B. Guenther
- Department of Earth System Science University of California Irvine Irvine CA USA
- Guy Brasseur
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology Hamburg Germany
- Zhao Liu
- National Supercomputing Center in Wuxi Wuxi China
- Haitian Lu
- National Supercomputing Center in Wuxi Wuxi China
- Chenlin Li
- National Supercomputing Center in Wuxi Wuxi China
- Bin Zhao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing China
- Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing China
- Xin Huang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China
- Jingshan Pan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Networks Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
- Guangliang Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Networks Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
- Xin Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Networks Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
- Haipeng Lin
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge MA USA
- Yuanhong Zhao
- College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Ocean University of China Qingdao China
- Chun Zhao
- School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
- Junlei Meng
- College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Ocean University of China Qingdao China
- Xiaohong Yao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System and Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, and Laoshan Laboratory Qingdao China
- Huiwang Gao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System and Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, and Laoshan Laboratory Qingdao China
- Lixin Wu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography, Ministry of Education, the College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Ocean University of China, and Laoshan Laboratory Qingdao China
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS004192
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 17,
no. 3
pp. n/a – n/a
Abstract
Abstract The overestimation of surface ozone concentration in low‐resolution global atmospheric chemistry and climate models has been a long‐standing issue. We first update the ozone dry deposition scheme in both high‐ (0.25°) and low‐resolution (1°) Community Earth System Model (CESM) version 1.3 runs, by adding the effects of leaf area index and correcting the sunlit and shaded fractions of stomatal resistances. With this update, 5‐year‐long summer simulations (2015–2019) using the low‐resolution CESM still exhibit substantial ozone overestimation (by 6.0–16.2 ppbv) over the U.S., Europe, eastern China, and ozone pollution hotspots. The ozone dry deposition scheme is further improved by adjusting the leaf cuticle conductance, reducing the mean ozone bias by 19%, and increasing the model resolution further reduces the ozone overestimation by 43%. We elucidate the mechanism by which model grid spacing influences simulated ozone, revealing distinctive pathways in urban versus rural areas. In rural areas, grid spacing mainly affects daytime ozone levels, where additional NOx emissions from nearby urban areas result in an ozone boost and overestimation in low‐resolution simulations. In contrast, over urban areas, daytime ozone overestimation follows a similar mechanism due to the influence of volatile organic compounds from surrounding rural areas. However, nighttime ozone overestimation is closely linked to weakened NO titration owing to the redistribution of urban NOx to rural areas. Additionally, stratosphere‐troposphere exchange may also contribute to reducing ozone bias in high‐resolution simulations, warranting further investigation. This optimized high‐resolution CESM may enhance understanding of ozone formation mechanisms, sources, and changes in a warming climate.
Keywords
- high‐resolution Earth system model
- surface ozone simulation
- ozone bias in global models
- ozone dry deposition
