Influence of season, age and breed on prevalence of haemoprotozoan diseases in cattle of Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Aim: To assess the prevalence of haemoprotozoan diseases in cross-bred and indigenous cattle in relation to season, age and breed in Western part of Tamil Nadu, India. Materials and Methods: A total of 2637 blood smears were screened for haemoprotozoan diseases and samples were received from the college hospital and veterinary dispensaries in Western part of Tamil Nadu, India. Blood smears were stained using Giemsa's technique and examined under oil immersion. Results: Microscopic examination of blood smears revealed an overall prevalence of 16.64 %; of which theileriosis was 13 %, followed by anaplasmosis 2.64 % and then babesiosis 1.0%. Among the haemoprotozoan diseases, the prevalence of theileriosis was significantly (p<0.05) high during summer (14.4%), followed by moderate in monsoon (13.8%) and less in fair (11.5%) seasons. However, there was no significant seasonal influence on the prevalence of babesiosis and anaplasmosis. The data on influence of breed revealed that there was a significantly (p<0.05) high prevalence of haemoprotozoan diseases in Holstein Friesian (HF) and Jersey cross breeds than indigenous breed and the occurrence of these haemoprotozoan diseases was found to be high among the age groups of 2-7 years in cross-bred animals and below 2 years in indigenous animals. Conclusion: The present study suggests that Western part of Tamil Nadu is highly endemic for theileriosis and occurrence of the disease was high during summer. Cross-bred animals aged 2-7 years are highly susceptible to these haemoprotozoan diseases than indigenous animals.

Keywords

• anaplasmosis
• babesiosis
• cattle
• prevalence
• theilerisosis