Мелиорация и гидротехника (Nov 2023)
Reclamation complex in the Don River Basin and suggestions for its improving
Abstract
Purpose: to analyze the presence and condition of water management systems (WMS) and hydraulic structures (HS), which are in federal ownership (FO) within the Don Basin District (DBD), and to develop proposals to improve the efficiency of WMS and HS functioning. Discussion. In the Don River Basin as of 01/01/2023, there were 11 % of the total number of water management systems in the Russian Federation in the FO, the predominant type was irrigation. The number of hydraulic structures was 6 % of the total number of federal hydraulic structures in the Russian Federation. An insignificant presence of hydraulic structures was noted (about 1 % of the number of hydraulic structures in the DBD), corresponding to the design technical condition, 71 % required routine repairs, about 5 % required major repairs, approximately the same number needed reconstruction, 14 % required disposal. The predominant part of the hydraulic structures was characterized by wear of more than 75 %. To overcome the crisis situation in the reclamation industry, including in the Don river basin, it is proposed to consider a separate reclamation system (RS) and the organization managing it (OMS) as the main management unit. It is advisable for the OMS to be state-owned and have access to any part of the RS. The OMS should be involved in the process of cultivating crops and be interested in high yields and of agricultural products quality. One of the elements of the interest mechanism should be the data on harvesting from reclaimed lands, similar to that provided for by federal statistical observation in the form 29-СХ (chalk); it is advisable to submit this information also to the OMS. To improve the RS management process, geoinformation maps are being developed, the first stage of development was the “Instructions for forming and providing spatial data about RS and HS”. Conclusions. The practical implementation of the above-mentioned proposals can increase the efficiency of organizations operating RS and contribute to the rational use of water resources in the Don Basin.
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