Cell Reports (Jul 2017)

Positive Regulation of Interleukin-1β Bioactivity by Physiological ROS-Mediated Cysteine S-Glutathionylation

  • Xue Zhang,
  • Peng Liu,
  • Christie Zhang,
  • Direkrit Chiewchengchol,
  • Fan Zhao,
  • Hongbo Yu,
  • Jingyu Li,
  • Hiroto Kambara,
  • Kate Y. Luo,
  • Arvind Venkataraman,
  • Ziling Zhou,
  • Weidong Zhou,
  • Haiyan Zhu,
  • Li Zhao,
  • Jiro Sakai,
  • Yuanyuan Chen,
  • Ye-Shih Ho,
  • Besnik Bajrami,
  • Bing Xu,
  • Leslie E. Silberstein,
  • Tao Cheng,
  • Yuanfu Xu,
  • Yuehai Ke,
  • Hongbo R. Luo

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2017.05.070
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 20, no. 1
pp. 224 – 235

Abstract

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced cysteine S-glutathionylation is an important posttranslational modification (PTM) that controls a wide range of intracellular protein activities. However, whether physiological ROS can modulate the function of extracellular components via S-glutathionylation is unknown. Using a screening approach, we identified ROS-mediated cysteine S-glutathionylation on several extracellular cytokines. Glutathionylation of the highly conserved Cys-188 in IL-1β positively regulates its bioactivity by preventing its ROS-induced irreversible oxidation, including sulfinic acid and sulfonic acid formation. We show this mechanism protects IL-1β from deactivation by ROS in an in vivo system of irradiation-induced bone marrow (BM) injury. Glutaredoxin 1 (Grx1), an enzyme that catalyzes deglutathionylation, was present and active in the extracellular space in serum and the BM, physiologically regulating IL-1β glutathionylation and bioactivity. Collectively, we identify cysteine S-glutathionylation as a cytokine regulatory mechanism that could be a therapeutic target in the treatment of various infectious and inflammatory diseases.

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