A meta-analysis of lipid peroxidation markers in major depression

Abstract

Graham Mazereeuw,1,2 Nathan Herrmann,1,3 Ana C Andreazza,2–4 Maisha M Khan,1 Krista L Lanctôt1–3 1Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; 2Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; 3Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 4Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) may be associated with oxidative damage to lipids, which can potentially affect mood-regulating pathways. This meta-analysis summarizes current knowledge regarding lipid peroxidation markers in clinical samples of MDD and the effects of antidepressant pharmacotherapy on those markers. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Collaboration were searched for original, peer-reviewed articles measuring markers of lipid peroxidation in patients with MDD and nondepressed healthy controls up to April 2015. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were generated from random effects models summarizing mean (± standard deviations) concentrations of selected markers. Results: Lipid peroxidation was greater in MDD than in controls (studies =17, N=857 MDD/782 control, SMD =0.83 [0.56–1.09], z=6.11, P<0.01, I2=84.0%) and was correlated with greater depressive symptom severity (B=0.05, df=8, P<0.01). Antidepressant treatment was associated with a reduction in lipid peroxidation in MDD patients (studies=5, N=222, SMD=0.71 [0.40–0.97], P<0.01; I2=42.5%). Limitations: Lipid peroxidation markers were sampled from peripheral blood, included studies comparing MDD to controls were all cross-sectional, and only five antidepressant treatment studies were eligible for inclusion. Conclusion: Increased lipid peroxidation was associated with MDD and may be normalized by antidepressants. Continued investigation of lipid peroxidation in MDD is warranted. Keywords: antidepressant treatment, biomarker, malondialdehyde, depressive episode, reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation