Nutrients (Apr 2023)
Independent and Joined Association between Socioeconomic Indicators and Pediatric Obesity in Spain: The PASOS Study
- Clara Homs,
- Paula Berruezo,
- Albert Arcarons,
- Julia Wärnberg,
- Maddi Osés,
- Marcela González-Gross,
- Narcis Gusi,
- Susana Aznar,
- Elena Marín-Cascales,
- Miguel Ángel González-Valeiro,
- Lluis Serra-Majem,
- Nicolás Terrados,
- Josep A. Tur,
- Marta Segú,
- Montserrat Fitó,
- Juan Carlos Benavente-Marín,
- Idoia Labayen,
- Augusto G. Zapico,
- Jesús Sánchez-Gómez,
- Fabio Jiménez-Zazo,
- Pedro E. Alcaraz,
- Marta Sevilla-Sanchez,
- Estefanía Herrera-Ramos,
- Susana Pulgar-Muñoz,
- Cristina Bouzas,
- Raimon Milà,
- Helmut Schröder,
- Santiago F. Gómez
Affiliations
- Clara Homs
- Gasol Foundation Europe, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Paula Berruezo
- Gasol Foundation Europe, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Albert Arcarons
- Office of the High Commissioner against Child Poverty, 28079 Madrid, Spain
- Julia Wärnberg
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedial Research Center (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Maddi Osés
- IS-FOOD—Institute for Sustainability & Food Chain Innovation, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IDISNA, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
- Marcela González-Gross
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedial Research Center (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Narcis Gusi
- Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
- Susana Aznar
- PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha-Toledo Campus, 45071 Toledo, Spain
- Elena Marín-Cascales
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
- Miguel Ángel González-Valeiro
- Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, Universida de da Coruña, 15001 A Coruña, Spain
- Lluis Serra-Majem
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedial Research Center (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Nicolás Terrados
- Regional Unit of Sports Medicine-Municipal Sports Foundation of Avilés, 33402 Avilés, Spain
- Josep A. Tur
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedial Research Center (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Marta Segú
- Barça Foundation, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Montserrat Fitó
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedial Research Center (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Juan Carlos Benavente-Marín
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedial Research Center (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Idoia Labayen
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedial Research Center (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Augusto G. Zapico
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, 28003 Madrid, Spain
- Jesús Sánchez-Gómez
- Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
- Fabio Jiménez-Zazo
- PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha-Toledo Campus, 45071 Toledo, Spain
- Pedro E. Alcaraz
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
- Marta Sevilla-Sanchez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, Universida de da Coruña, 15001 A Coruña, Spain
- Estefanía Herrera-Ramos
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Susana Pulgar-Muñoz
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Cristina Bouzas
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedial Research Center (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Raimon Milà
- Global Research on Wellbeing (GroW), Faculty of Health Sciences, Blanquerna Ramon Llull University, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Helmut Schröder
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Santiago F. Gómez
- Gasol Foundation Europe, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15081987
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 15,
no. 8
p. 1987
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a public health problem worldwide. An important determinant of child and adolescent obesity is socioeconomic status (SES). However, the magnitude of the impact of different SES indicators on pediatric obesity on the Spanish population scale is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the association between three SES indicators and obesity in a nationwide, representative sample of Spanish children and adolescents. A total of 2791 boys and girls aged 8 to 16 years old were included. Their weight, height, and waist circumference were measured. SES was assessed using two parent/legal guardian self-reported indicators (educational level -University/non-University- and labor market status -Employed/Unemployed-). As a third SES indicator, the annual mean income per person was obtained from the census section where the participating schools were located (≥12.731€/p p p n = 517) showed a robust and inverse association with obesity (OR = 0.28; 95% CI: 0.16–0.48), severe obesity (OR = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.05–0.81), and abdominal obesity (OR = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.23–0.54) in comparison with the lowest composite SES category (Less than University/Unemployed/n = 164). No significant interaction between composite SES categories and age and gender was found. SES is strongly associated with pediatric obesity in Spain.
Keywords