Active manipulation of toroidal resonance in hybrid metal-vanadium dioxide metamaterial

Abstract

A switchable toroidal resonance metamaterial consisted of hybrid metal-vanadium dioxide is proposed in this paper. The excitation of toroidal resonance is demonstrated numerically and analyzed theoretically. Simulation results illustrate that toroidal dipole resonance is excited by the E-shaped metal resonators integrated with vanadium dioxide in metal state, and strengthened toroidal resonance is further verified by calculated scattered powers. In addition, its amplitude can be actively controlled by the phase transition process of vanadium dioxide in terahertz regime. To reveal the physical mechanism, theoretical fitting is carried out. The fitting results show that modulation of amplitude can be attributed to the variation of overall damping rate, which is caused by tuning conductivity of vanadium dioxide.

Keywords

• Toroidal resonance
• Metamaterial
• Vanadium dioxide
• Active manipulation