An enhanced mechanism for detection of spam emails by deep learning technique with bio-inspired algorithm

Abstract

This study aims to create a highly effective system for classifying email spam, with the key objective of improving performance and accuracy in classification. Rigorous pre-processing techniques, including lemmatization and tokenization, are applied to refine the dataset. The impact of optimal feature selection on deep learning algorithm stability with varying training datasets is investigated and to improve classifier performance, pre-stages such as feature extraction and selection using bag of words are utilized. The hybrid model is further enhanced by combining feature extraction and classification algorithms with optimization. The inclusion of multiple features, such as n-gram features, addresses the 'Curse of Dimensionality,' and optimal feature selection is employed to improve the spam detection process. The proposed system undergoes three main modifications: multiple feature extraction, feature selection, and an enhanced hybrid model, all aimed at improving spam detection accuracy. The e-mail classification phase involves mapping between training and testing sets, with deep learning algorithms utilized for feature extraction and classification.The recently introduced Sand Cat Swarm Optimization algorithm is employed to refine weights during each epoch, enhancing accuracy and minimizing loss. The proposed system extends its capabilities to identify phishing attacks within the network, offering a comprehensive approach to email security.

Keywords

• Tokenization
• Bag of words
• Curse of dimensionality
• Sand Cat Swarm
• Optimization algorithm
• Email spam classification