Effect of exposure to disinfection by-products during swimming exercise on asthma-related immune responses

Abstract

Swimming is a widely practiced exercise in modern society, where there is a heightened interest in health. The exceptional benefits of swimming are well-known, yet the issue of water quality management inevitably arises due to its nature as an aquatic exercise. Several studies reported that chlorine disinfectants commonly used in swimming pool water disinfection could degrade into toxic disinfection by-products (DBPs) and suggested that the DBPs might induce respiratory disorders, including asthma. Conversely, there were also reports that the DBPs had no significant effects on respiratory conditions. In this study, we investigated the influence of swimming exercise and DBPs on asthma. The decomposition products had little effect on the number of T cells in various immune organs. However, swimming exercise was found to increase the cell count in proportion to the exercise duration. Nevertheless, there were no significant changes in other immune cells and the secretion of asthma-related cytokines. These findings indicate that the effects of swimming pool DBPs on respiratory conditions during swimming exercise are either negligible or absent, and instead, the immunological benefits gained through consistent swimming exercise outweigh any potential drawbacks. HIGHLIGHTS Disinfection by-product (DBP) exposure did not cause lung damage in this model.; Inflammatory cytokine levels were unchanged due to DBP exposure, except IL-6.; There were no significant changes in asthma-related blood cell type distribution.; These results suggest that swimming exercise does not have an effect on asthma and may have a positive long-term effect on the immune system.;

Keywords

• asthma
• disinfection by-products
• immune response
• indoor swimming pool
• swimming
• swimming pool environment