Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Sep 2015)
The Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO): overview of pilot measurements on ecosystem ecology, meteorology, trace gases, and aerosols
- M. O. Andreae,
- O. C. Acevedo,
- A. Araùjo,
- P. Artaxo,
- C. G. G. Barbosa,
- H. M. J. Barbosa,
- J. Brito,
- S. Carbone,
- X. Chi,
- B. B. L. Cintra,
- N. F. da Silva,
- N. L. Dias,
- C. Q. Dias-Júnior,
- F. Ditas,
- R. Ditz,
- A. F. L. Godoi,
- R. H. M. Godoi,
- M. Heimann,
- T. Hoffmann,
- J. Kesselmeier,
- T. Könemann,
- M. L. Krüger,
- J. V. Lavric,
- A. O. Manzi,
- A. P. Lopes,
- D. L. Martins,
- E. F. Mikhailov,
- D. Moran-Zuloaga,
- B. W. Nelson,
- A. C. Nölscher,
- D. Santos Nogueira,
- M. T. F. Piedade,
- C. Pöhlker,
- U. Pöschl,
- C. A. Quesada,
- L. V. Rizzo,
- C.-U. Ro,
- N. Ruckteschler,
- L. D. A. Sá,
- M. de Oliveira Sá,
- C. B. Sales,
- R. M. N. dos Santos,
- J. Saturno,
- J. Schöngart,
- M. Sörgel,
- C. M. de Souza,
- R. A. F. de Souza,
- H. Su,
- N. Targhetta,
- J. Tóta,
- I. Trebs,
- S. Trumbore,
- A. van Eijck,
- D. Walter,
- Z. Wang,
- B. Weber,
- J. Williams,
- J. Winderlich,
- F. Wittmann,
- S. Wolff,
- A. M. Yáñez-Serrano
Affiliations
- M. O. Andreae
- Biogeochemistry, Multiphase Chemistry, and Air Chemistry Departments, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55020, Mainz, Germany
- O. C. Acevedo
- Universidade Federal Santa Maria, Dept. Fisica, 97119900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- A. Araùjo
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), Trav. Dr. Enéas Pinheiro, Belém-PA, CEP 66095-100, Brasil
- P. Artaxo
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Rua do Matão, Travessa R, 187, CEP 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- C. G. G. Barbosa
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Paraná UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- H. M. J. Barbosa
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Rua do Matão, Travessa R, 187, CEP 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- J. Brito
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Rua do Matão, Travessa R, 187, CEP 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- S. Carbone
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Rua do Matão, Travessa R, 187, CEP 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- X. Chi
- Biogeochemistry, Multiphase Chemistry, and Air Chemistry Departments, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55020, Mainz, Germany
- B. B. L. Cintra
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), MAUA group, Av. André Araújo 2936, Manaus-AM CEP 69067-375, Brasil
- N. F. da Silva
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), MAUA group, Av. André Araújo 2936, Manaus-AM CEP 69067-375, Brasil
- N. L. Dias
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Paraná UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- C. Q. Dias-Júnior
- Instituto Nacional de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará (IFPA/Bragança), Pará, Brazil
- F. Ditas
- Biogeochemistry, Multiphase Chemistry, and Air Chemistry Departments, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55020, Mainz, Germany
- R. Ditz
- Biogeochemistry, Multiphase Chemistry, and Air Chemistry Departments, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55020, Mainz, Germany
- A. F. L. Godoi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Paraná UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- R. H. M. Godoi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Paraná UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- M. Heimann
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
- T. Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- J. Kesselmeier
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Clima e Ambiente (CLIAMB), Av. André Araújo 2936, Manaus-AM, CEP 69083-000, Brazil
- T. Könemann
- Biogeochemistry, Multiphase Chemistry, and Air Chemistry Departments, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55020, Mainz, Germany
- M. L. Krüger
- Biogeochemistry, Multiphase Chemistry, and Air Chemistry Departments, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55020, Mainz, Germany
- J. V. Lavric
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
- A. O. Manzi
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Clima e Ambiente (CLIAMB), Av. André Araújo 2936, Manaus-AM, CEP 69083-000, Brazil
- A. P. Lopes
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), LBA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Manaus-AM, CEP 69067-375, Brazil
- D. L. Martins
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), LBA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Manaus-AM, CEP 69067-375, Brazil
- E. F. Mikhailov
- Biogeochemistry, Multiphase Chemistry, and Air Chemistry Departments, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55020, Mainz, Germany
- D. Moran-Zuloaga
- Biogeochemistry, Multiphase Chemistry, and Air Chemistry Departments, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55020, Mainz, Germany
- B. W. Nelson
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), LBA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Manaus-AM, CEP 69067-375, Brazil
- A. C. Nölscher
- Biogeochemistry, Multiphase Chemistry, and Air Chemistry Departments, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55020, Mainz, Germany
- D. Santos Nogueira
- Centro Gestor e Operacional do Sistema de Proteção da Amazônia (CENSIPAM), Belém, Pará
- M. T. F. Piedade
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), MAUA group, Av. André Araújo 2936, Manaus-AM CEP 69067-375, Brasil
- C. Pöhlker
- Biogeochemistry, Multiphase Chemistry, and Air Chemistry Departments, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55020, Mainz, Germany
- U. Pöschl
- Biogeochemistry, Multiphase Chemistry, and Air Chemistry Departments, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55020, Mainz, Germany
- C. A. Quesada
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), LBA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Manaus-AM, CEP 69067-375, Brazil
- L. V. Rizzo
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Rua do Matão, Travessa R, 187, CEP 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- C.-U. Ro
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Korea
- N. Ruckteschler
- Biogeochemistry, Multiphase Chemistry, and Air Chemistry Departments, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55020, Mainz, Germany
- L. D. A. Sá
- Centro Regional da Amazônia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Belém, Pará, Brazil
- M. de Oliveira Sá
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), LBA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Manaus-AM, CEP 69067-375, Brazil
- C. B. Sales
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Clima e Ambiente (CLIAMB), Av. André Araújo 2936, Manaus-AM, CEP 69083-000, Brazil
- R. M. N. dos Santos
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- J. Saturno
- Biogeochemistry, Multiphase Chemistry, and Air Chemistry Departments, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55020, Mainz, Germany
- J. Schöngart
- Biogeochemistry, Multiphase Chemistry, and Air Chemistry Departments, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55020, Mainz, Germany
- M. Sörgel
- Biogeochemistry, Multiphase Chemistry, and Air Chemistry Departments, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55020, Mainz, Germany
- C. M. de Souza
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Clima e Ambiente (CLIAMB), Av. André Araújo 2936, Manaus-AM, CEP 69083-000, Brazil
- R. A. F. de Souza
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- H. Su
- Biogeochemistry, Multiphase Chemistry, and Air Chemistry Departments, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55020, Mainz, Germany
- N. Targhetta
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), MAUA group, Av. André Araújo 2936, Manaus-AM CEP 69067-375, Brasil
- J. Tóta
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- I. Trebs
- Biogeochemistry, Multiphase Chemistry, and Air Chemistry Departments, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55020, Mainz, Germany
- S. Trumbore
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
- A. van Eijck
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- D. Walter
- Biogeochemistry, Multiphase Chemistry, and Air Chemistry Departments, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55020, Mainz, Germany
- Z. Wang
- Biogeochemistry, Multiphase Chemistry, and Air Chemistry Departments, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55020, Mainz, Germany
- B. Weber
- Biogeochemistry, Multiphase Chemistry, and Air Chemistry Departments, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55020, Mainz, Germany
- J. Williams
- Biogeochemistry, Multiphase Chemistry, and Air Chemistry Departments, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55020, Mainz, Germany
- J. Winderlich
- Biogeochemistry, Multiphase Chemistry, and Air Chemistry Departments, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55020, Mainz, Germany
- F. Wittmann
- Biogeochemistry, Multiphase Chemistry, and Air Chemistry Departments, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55020, Mainz, Germany
- S. Wolff
- Biogeochemistry, Multiphase Chemistry, and Air Chemistry Departments, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55020, Mainz, Germany
- A. M. Yáñez-Serrano
- Biogeochemistry, Multiphase Chemistry, and Air Chemistry Departments, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55020, Mainz, Germany
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10723-2015
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 15,
no. 18
pp. 10723 – 10776
Abstract
The Amazon Basin plays key roles in the carbon and water cycles, climate change, atmospheric chemistry, and biodiversity. It has already been changed significantly by human activities, and more pervasive change is expected to occur in the coming decades. It is therefore essential to establish long-term measurement sites that provide a baseline record of present-day climatic, biogeochemical, and atmospheric conditions and that will be operated over coming decades to monitor change in the Amazon region, as human perturbations increase in the future. The Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO) has been set up in a pristine rain forest region in the central Amazon Basin, about 150 km northeast of the city of Manaus. Two 80 m towers have been operated at the site since 2012, and a 325 m tower is nearing completion in mid-2015. An ecological survey including a biodiversity assessment has been conducted in the forest region surrounding the site. Measurements of micrometeorological and atmospheric chemical variables were initiated in 2012, and their range has continued to broaden over the last few years. The meteorological and micrometeorological measurements include temperature and wind profiles, precipitation, water and energy fluxes, turbulence components, soil temperature profiles and soil heat fluxes, radiation fluxes, and visibility. A tree has been instrumented to measure stem profiles of temperature, light intensity, and water content in cryptogamic covers. The trace gas measurements comprise continuous monitoring of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, and ozone at five to eight different heights, complemented by a variety of additional species measured during intensive campaigns (e.g., VOC, NO, NO2, and OH reactivity). Aerosol optical, microphysical, and chemical measurements are being made above the canopy as well as in the canopy space. They include aerosol light scattering and absorption, fluorescence, number and volume size distributions, chemical composition, cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations, and hygroscopicity. In this paper, we discuss the scientific context of the ATTO observatory and present an overview of results from ecological, meteorological, and chemical pilot studies at the ATTO site.
