High-Frequency, High-Throughput Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Wastewater Settled Solids at Eight Publicly Owned Treatment Works in Northern California Shows Strong Association with COVID-19 Incidence
Marlene K. Wolfe,
Aaron Topol,
Alisha Knudson,
Adrian Simpson,
Bradley White,
Duc J. Vugia,
Alexander T. Yu,
Linlin Li,
Michael Balliet,
Pamela Stoddard,
George S. Han,
Krista R. Wigginton,
Alexandria B. Boehm
Affiliations
Marlene K. Wolfe
Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
Aaron Topol
Verily Life Sciences, South San Francisco, California, USA
Alisha Knudson
Verily Life Sciences, South San Francisco, California, USA
Adrian Simpson
Verily Life Sciences, South San Francisco, California, USA
Bradley White
Verily Life Sciences, South San Francisco, California, USA
Duc J. Vugia
California Department of Public Health, Infectious Diseases Branch, Richmond, California, USA
Alexander T. Yu
California Department of Public Health, Infectious Diseases Branch, Richmond, California, USA
Linlin Li
County of Santa Clara Public Health Department, San Jose, California, USA
Michael Balliet
County of Santa Clara Department of Environmental Health, San Jose, California, USA
Pamela Stoddard
County of Santa Clara Public Health Department, San Jose, California, USA
George S. Han
County of Santa Clara Public Health Department, San Jose, California, USA
Access to reliable, rapid monitoring data is critical to guide response to an infectious disease outbreak. For pathogens that are shed in feces or urine, monitoring wastewater can provide a cost-effective snapshot of transmission in an entire community via a single sample.
