Лечащий Врач (Oct 2024)
Clinical and epidemiological aspects of measles in children in the Astrakhan region
Abstract
Objective. The purpose was to study and describe the clinical and epidemiological situation of measles in children of the Astrakhan region in 2018-2022.Materials and methods. From 2018 to 2022, 259 cases of measles were registered in the Astrakhan region, of which the child population amounted to 71.8% (186 people). Measles cases have been reported in children of all ages. The clinical diagnosis was made based on the data of the clinical picture of the disease, complaints, epidemiological history and laboratory data (detection of specific IgM class antibodies by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA).Results. All children who were diagnosed with measles were conditionally divided into three age groups: the first age group (children aged from 1 month to 1 year), the second age group (ages 1-7 years) and the third age group (7-17 years). Considering the presence of complaints, according to age groups, it can be noted that laryngitis was noted in children of the first age group. The presence of pharyngitis was noted by 61.6% (45 people). Also, children of this group had a runny nose – 80.2% (59 people), conjunctivitis – 67.1%, candidiasis – 93.2% (68 people). In rare cases, stomatitis was detected in children of group 1 – 19.2% (14 people). In children of the second age group, complaints of fever, laryngitis and pharyngeal hyperemia were noted in all cases. Pharyngitis was noted by 69.5% (66 people), and the presence of a runny nose and conjunctivitis – 77.9% (74 people) and 74.7% (71 people), respectively. In rare cases, stomatitis and candidiasis were observed in children – 35.8% (34 people) and 28.4% (27 people), respectively. In children of the third group, as well as in the previous groups, fever and pharyngeal hyperemia were noted in all cases. But unlike children of the first and second groups, the most frequent complaints of children in this group were conjunctivitis, runny nose and laryngitis – 83.3% (15 people), 61.1% (11 people) and 55.6% (10 people), respectively. In rare cases, pharyngitis and stomatitis were noted in children – 38.9% each (7 people each) and candidiasis – 16.7% (3 people). After the final diagnosis was established, all patients were treated with medication.Conclusion. In recent years, the number of measles cases among children has been noticeably decreasing, as evidenced by the above data. Measles cases were more often reported in children of the first age group – 39.2% (73 people) and the second age group – 51.1% (95 people). The largest number of measles cases was recorded in children living in the urban district – 73.7% (137 people). The main complaints of patients with measles were the presence of fever, pharyngeal hyperemia and laryngitis.
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