Materials and Metabolites of Kynureinine Pathway in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Multiple Sclerosis

Abstract

Abstract Background & aim: Kynurenine pathway (KP) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disorders. In neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD) and Multiple sclerosis (MS), brain neurons are initially involved and gradually disappear. In the present review article, the role and effect of changes in the balance of Kinorin pathway metabolites in the process of exacerbation of neurodegenerative and MS diseases will be discussed. Methods: The present review study applied various databases to collect all research reports which had been conducted in recent years to study and evaluate the Kinorenic pathways and metabolites in neurodegenerative and MS. Results: Regarding the prevalence and importance of these diseases, there is an urgent need to develop new and more effective therapeutic strategies to fight these destructive diseases. One of the molecular pathways, along with the metabolites derived from it in all of the diseases, is the Kinorenic Path. The effect of the Kinorenic pathway on many diseases, including neurodegenerative and MS is observed in all of which imbalances in the levels of tryptophan and its metabolites. That is, if the amount of Kin Orin pathway metabolites is returned to the normal range, it will reduce the symptoms of the disease, while a change in the balance of these metabolites, seen in neurodegenerative diseases and MS, will worsen and progress the disease. Conclusion: Kinorenin is known as an important determinant of immune responses and tolerance in T cells. In this case, it seems that the destruction of tryptophan and the production of a number of downstream metabolic pathways of Kin Orin, a disruption of protein synthesis, and the suppression of the production and proliferation of T cells is regulated in favor of diseases such as MS.

Keywords

• Kynurenine Pathway
• Neurodegenerative Diseases
• Multiple Sclerosis
• MS
• Parkinson's Disease
• Alzheimer's Disease
• IDO1