Corresponding author. Northeast-China Observatory and Research Station of Permafrost Geological Environment (Ministry of Education), School of Civil Engineering, Institute of Cold Region Science and Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.; Northeast-China Observatory and Research Station of Permafrost Geological Environment (Ministry of Education), School of Civil Engineering, Institute of Cold Region Science and Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soils Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
Qing-Bai Wu
State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soils Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
Vladimir E. Romanovsky
Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, 99775, USA
