Metabolic Syndrome and Abnormal Peri-Organ or Intra-Organ Fat (APIFat) Deposition in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: An Overview
Niki Katsiki,
Anca Pantea Stoian,
Paschalis Steiropoulos,
Nikolaos Papanas,
Andra-Iulia Suceveanu,
Dimitri P. Mikhailidis
Affiliations
Niki Katsiki
First Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Center, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, AHEPA University Hospital, 1st Stilponos Kyriakidi, 54621 Thessaloniki, Greece
Anca Pantea Stoian
Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Department, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine, 8 Eroii Sanitari, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
Paschalis Steiropoulos
Department of Pneumonology, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
Nikolaos Papanas
Diabetes Centre, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
Andra-Iulia Suceveanu
Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
Dimitri P. Mikhailidis
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London NW3 2QG, UK
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common disorder with an increasing prevalence, characterised by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. Systemic inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of COPD and can also predispose to metabolic disorders (e.g., metabolic syndrome (MetS) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)). Such comorbidities can negatively affect COPD outcomes, cardiovascular risk, and quality of life. Apart from NAFLD, abnormal peri-organ or intra-organ fat (APIFat) could be considered as markers for cardiometabolic diseases and even for COPD. The present narrative review considers the associations of COPD with MetS, NAFLD, and other APIFat, including epicardial, perirenal, peripancreatic, and intramuscular adipose tissue. Further research is needed to define these relationships and identify any potential clinical implications.
