Makkiyyah Dan Madaniyyah: Telaah Mengenai Pergeseran Realitas Dan Kronologis Lahirnya Sebuah Hadis

Abstract

This research aims to examine the shift in reality and map the chronological emergence of a hadith. It is a literature review type of research, with primary sources being the foundational books of hadith, namely kutub al-sittah and kutub al-tis’ah, while the approach used is historical. Through this approach, researchers can clearly observe the disparity or alignment between the idealistic world and the empirical world, as well as history. The makkiyyah and madaniyyah theory are the greatest contributions to mapping the chronological emergence of a hadith. This statement is based on the essence of makkiyyah and madaniyyah themselves, which are theories that can trace the life trajectory of the Prophet. The concepts of makkiyyah and madaniyyah in hadith are applications of the makki and madani theories in Qur'anic studies, making them relatively new theories in the field of hadith sciences. The makkiyyah and madaniyyah concepts in hadith can be identified through two indicators, namely the aspects of the sanad (chain of narrators) and the matan (text) of the hadith. Both aspects serve as the primary reference in determining the quality of a hadith, whether it belongs to the makkiyyah or madaniyyah category. The sanad and matan aspects can provide information regarding the historical context of a hadith, whether explicit or implicit. The sanad indicator can also serve as a means to map the chronological emergence of a hadith, including companions who passed only through the pre-Hijrah phase, those who passed only through the post-Hijrah phase, and those who passed through both phases. Meanwhile, the matan indicator serves as a means to observe the shift in reality, which can be identified through events or themes that have the characteristics of makkiyyah and madaniyyah.

Keywords

• makkiyyah; madaniyyah; kronologi; hadis.