The Planetary Science Journal (Jan 2024)
The Dynamical State of the Didymos System before and after the DART Impact
- Derek C. Richardson,
- Harrison F. Agrusa,
- Brent Barbee,
- Rachel H. Cueva,
- Fabio Ferrari,
- Seth A. Jacobson,
- Rahil Makadia,
- Alex J. Meyer,
- Patrick Michel,
- Ryota Nakano,
- Yun Zhang,
- Paul Abell,
- Colby C. Merrill,
- Adriano Campo Bagatin,
- Olivier Barnouin,
- Nancy L. Chabot,
- Andrew F. Cheng,
- Steven R. Chesley,
- R. Terik Daly,
- Siegfried Eggl,
- Carolyn M. Ernst,
- Eugene G. Fahnestock,
- Tony L. Farnham,
- Oscar Fuentes-Muñoz,
- Edoardo Gramigna,
- Douglas P. Hamilton,
- Masatoshi Hirabayashi,
- Martin Jutzi,
- Josh Lyzhoft,
- Riccardo Lasagni Manghi,
- Jay McMahon,
- Fernando Moreno,
- Naomi Murdoch,
- Shantanu P. Naidu,
- Eric E. Palmer,
- Paolo Panicucci,
- Laurent Pou,
- Petr Pravec,
- Sabina D. Raducan,
- Andrew S. Rivkin,
- Alessandro Rossi,
- Paul Sánchez,
- Daniel J. Scheeres,
- Peter Scheirich,
- Stephen R. Schwartz,
- Damya Souami,
- Gonzalo Tancredi,
- Paolo Tanga,
- Paolo Tortora,
- Josep M. Trigo-Rodríguez,
- Kleomenis Tsiganis,
- John Wimarsson,
- Marco Zannoni
Affiliations
- Derek C. Richardson
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742, USA ; [email protected]
- Harrison F. Agrusa
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742, USA ; [email protected]; Université Côte d’Azur , Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange Bd de l’Observatoire, CS 34229 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France
- Brent Barbee
- ORCiD
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Rachel H. Cueva
- ORCiD
- Smead Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder , 3775 Discovery Drive, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
- Fabio Ferrari
- ORCiD
- Department of Aerospace Science and Technology , Politecnico di Milano, Milan 20159, Italy
- Seth A. Jacobson
- ORCiD
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Rahil Makadia
- ORCiD
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Alex J. Meyer
- ORCiD
- Smead Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder , 3775 Discovery Drive, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
- Patrick Michel
- ORCiD
- Université Côte d’Azur , Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange Bd de l’Observatoire, CS 34229 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France; The University of Tokyo , Department of Systems Innovation, School of Engineering, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Ryota Nakano
- ORCiD
- Daniel Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Department of Aerospace Engineering, Auburn University , Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Yun Zhang
- ORCiD
- Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Paul Abell
- ORCiD
- Johnson Space Center , Houston, TX 77058, USA
- Colby C. Merrill
- ORCiD
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Adriano Campo Bagatin
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Fisica Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologias (IUFACyT), Universidad de Alicante , Ctra. Sant Vicent del Raspeig s/n, 03690, Sant Vicent del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
- Olivier Barnouin
- ORCiD
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory , Laurel, MD 20723, USA
- Nancy L. Chabot
- ORCiD
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory , Laurel, MD 20723, USA
- Andrew F. Cheng
- ORCiD
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory , Laurel, MD 20723, USA
- Steven R. Chesley
- ORCiD
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- R. Terik Daly
- ORCiD
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory , Laurel, MD 20723, USA
- Siegfried Eggl
- ORCiD
- Department of Aerospace Engineering /Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL 61801, USA; National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carolyn M. Ernst
- ORCiD
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory , Laurel, MD 20723, USA
- Eugene G. Fahnestock
- ORCiD
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Tony L. Farnham
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742, USA ; [email protected]
- Oscar Fuentes-Muñoz
- ORCiD
- Smead Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder , 3775 Discovery Drive, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
- Edoardo Gramigna
- ORCiD
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna , Forlì (FC) 47121, Italy
- Douglas P. Hamilton
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742, USA ; [email protected]
- Masatoshi Hirabayashi
- ORCiD
- Daniel Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Department of Geosciences, Auburn University , Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Martin Jutzi
- ORCiD
- Space Research and Planetary Sciences, Physics Institute University of Bern , Bern 3012, Switzerland
- Josh Lyzhoft
- ORCiD
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Riccardo Lasagni Manghi
- ORCiD
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna , Forlì (FC) 47121, Italy
- Jay McMahon
- ORCiD
- Smead Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder , 3775 Discovery Drive, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
- Fernando Moreno
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia , CSIC, 18008 Granada, Spain
- Naomi Murdoch
- ORCiD
- Institut Supérieur de l’Aéronautique et de l’Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Université de Toulouse , Toulouse, France
- Shantanu P. Naidu
- ORCiD
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Eric E. Palmer
- ORCiD
- Planetary Science Institute , Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
- Paolo Panicucci
- ORCiD
- Department of Aerospace Science and Technology , Politecnico di Milano, Milan 20159, Italy
- Laurent Pou
- ORCiD
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Petr Pravec
- ORCiD
- Astronomical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Fričova 298 Ondřejov, CZ 25165, Czech Republic
- Sabina D. Raducan
- ORCiD
- Space Research and Planetary Sciences, Physics Institute University of Bern , Bern 3012, Switzerland
- Andrew S. Rivkin
- ORCiD
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory , Laurel, MD 20723, USA
- Alessandro Rossi
- ORCiD
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata “Nello Carrara” (IFAC-CNR) , Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
- Paul Sánchez
- ORCiD
- Colorado Center for Astrodynamics Research, University of Colorado Boulder , 3775 Discovery Drive, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
- Daniel J. Scheeres
- ORCiD
- Smead Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder , 3775 Discovery Drive, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
- Peter Scheirich
- ORCiD
- Astronomical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Fričova 298 Ondřejov, CZ 25165, Czech Republic
- Stephen R. Schwartz
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Fisica Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologias (IUFACyT), Universidad de Alicante , Ctra. Sant Vicent del Raspeig s/n, 03690, Sant Vicent del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; Planetary Science Institute , Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
- Damya Souami
- ORCiD
- Université Côte d’Azur , Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange Bd de l’Observatoire, CS 34229 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France; LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL , CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 5 place Jules Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France; Departments of Astronomy, and of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California Berkeley , 501 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA; naXys, Department of Mathematics, University of Namur , Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
- Gonzalo Tancredi
- ORCiD
- Departamento de Astronomía , Facultad de Ciencias, Udelar, Uruguay
- Paolo Tanga
- ORCiD
- Université Côte d’Azur , Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange Bd de l’Observatoire, CS 34229 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France
- Paolo Tortora
- ORCiD
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna , Forlì (FC) 47121, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Aerospaziale , Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Forlì (FC) 47121, Italy
- Josep M. Trigo-Rodríguez
- ORCiD
- Institute of Space Sciences (CSIC-IEEC) , Campus UAB, c/Can Magrans s/n, Cerdanyola del vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Kleomenis Tsiganis
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , GR 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- John Wimarsson
- ORCiD
- Space Research and Planetary Sciences, Physics Institute University of Bern , Bern 3012, Switzerland
- Marco Zannoni
- ORCiD
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna , Forlì (FC) 47121, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Aerospaziale , Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Forlì (FC) 47121, Italy
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/PSJ/ad62f5
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 5,
no. 8
p. 182
Abstract
NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) spacecraft impacted Dimorphos, the natural satellite of (65803) Didymos, on 2022 September 26, as a first successful test of kinetic impactor technology for deflecting a potentially hazardous object in space. The experiment resulted in a small change to the dynamical state of the Didymos system consistent with expectations and Level 1 mission requirements. In the preencounter paper, predictions were put forward regarding the pre- and postimpact dynamical state of the Didymos system. Here we assess these predictions, update preliminary findings published after the impact, report on new findings related to dynamics, and provide implications for ESA’s Hera mission to Didymos, scheduled for launch in 2024 October with arrival in 2026 December. Preencounter predictions tested to date are largely in line with observations, despite the unexpected, flattened appearance of Didymos compared to the radar model and the apparent preimpact oblate shape of Dimorphos (with implications for the origin of the system that remain under investigation). New findings include that Dimorphos likely became prolate due to the impact and may have entered a tumbling rotation state. A possible detection of a postimpact transient secular decrease in the binary orbital period suggests possible dynamical coupling with persistent ejecta. Timescales for damping of any tumbling and clearing of any debris are uncertain. The largest uncertainty in the momentum transfer enhancement factor of the DART impact remains the mass of Dimorphos, which will be resolved by the Hera mission.
Keywords
