Jornal de Pediatria (Sep 2002)
Avaliação do estado nutricional das crianças índias do Alto Xingu Evaluation of the nutritional status of Indian children from Alto Xingu, Brazil
Abstract
Objetivo: determinar o estado nutricional e estimar a composição corporal de crianças índias do Parque Nacional do Xingu, associando antropometria e impedância bioelétrica. Casuística e Métodos: foram avaliadas 164 crianças índias (89 meninas e 75 meninos), com idade desconhecida, por meio da antropometria e da mensuração da impedância bioelétrica. A partir das medidas de peso e estatura, chegou-se ao escore z do indicador de peso/estatura. Para as estimativas da composição corporal, foram utilizadas duas equações baseadas nos valores da resistência obtidos pela impedância bioelétrica. Os dados obtidos foram comparados com valores de referência internacionalmente aceitos. Resultados: a mediana do escore z do indicador peso/estatura foi 0,59 (meninos) e 0,46 (meninas) (p=0,27), respectivamente. No grupo estudado, apenas 1,8% apresentou escore z menor que -2 desvios-padrão, e 3% apresentou escore z maior que 2 desvios-padrão. A média dos valores da resistência bioelétrica encontrados foram: 625,4±79,2 Ohms (meninas), e 588,8±68,9 Ohms (meninos) (pObjective: to evaluate the nutritional status and estimate body composition of Indian children from Xingu National Park (XNP), rain forest Amazon region, by using anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance (BI) tests. Methods: one hundred and sixty-four Indian children (89 girls and 75 boys) of unknown age were evaluated by means of anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance. Weight and height were used to calculate z-score for weight-for-height (W/H) index. Two equations based on the resistance values obtained from the bioelectrical impedance were used to determine body composition. The values obtained were compared to standard reference. Results: z-score median for weigh-for-height index was 0.59 (boys) and 0.46 (girls) (P=0.27), respectively. Among the children studied only 1.8% showed z-score W/H 2 SD. Mean resistance values were 625.4+/-79.2 Ohms (girls) and 588.8+/-68.9 Ohms (boys) (P<0.01). The percentage of body composition values obtained for girls were 14.2% fat mass (FM) and 85.8% fat-free mass (FFM), and 11.7% (FM) and 88.3% (FFM). The values for the boys were 14.9% (FM) and 85.1% (FFM), and 10.3% (FM) and 89.7% (FFM). Conclusions: there were low rates of obesity and malnutrition, what leads us to believe that the nutritional status among the Indian children from XNP has been kept in good standard along the last three decades, even under some degree of the Western culture influence. The Indians' body composition enhanced the good nutritional status among the studied population. BI played an important role in the estimation of body composition in this field study.
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